论杜鲁门政府的民防政策

发布时间：2018-03-24 08:49

本文选题：杜鲁门政府　切入点：民防政策　出处：《渤海大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：民防是为保护民众并进行战后重建而产生的一种防御措施。随着冷战时代的到来,尤其是苏联对核技术的掌握,民防的重要性日益凸显。民防随即提上美国国家安全日程。杜鲁门政府的民防政策基于美国在一战二战期间的民防传统,并受到冷战与核武器发展这两大因素的影响而出现。在经过对日本的战略轰炸调查、军方的3b-1报告、布尔报告、霍普利报告等一系列报告反复讨论之后。杜鲁门政府通过《联邦民防法案》,并成立专门的工作机构,将这一政策确定下来。在联邦民防局的带领下,美国国内进行了大规模的民防实践。联邦民防局通过发起警戒美国等行动,来教育美国公众使之对民防更加了解,另外提出了修建掩体等计划来推行民防政策。但在这一过程中暴露出来的经费问题以及其它方面所存在的争论,使杜鲁门政府时期的民防政策实践未能完全达到其设想中的目标。不管怎样,杜鲁门政府民防政策的制定与推行是为美国应对潜在战争威胁的举措,尽管存在诸多的限制,美国政府、军方、国会的争论和研究依然增强了其对民防战略价值、增强国家防御能力等方面的认知,仍为后继政府发展民防提供了经验。
[Abstract]:Civil defense is a defensive measure to protect people and rebuild after the war. With the advent of the Cold War era, especially the Soviet Union's mastery of nuclear technology, The importance of civil defense is becoming increasingly prominent. Civil defense is immediately on the US national security agenda. Truman's civil defense policy is based on the civil defense tradition of the United States during World War I and World War II. And was influenced by the Cold War and the development of nuclear weapons. After a strategic bombing investigation into Japan, the military's 3b-1 report, the Boolean report, After repeated discussions in a series of reports, such as the Hopper report, the Truman government passed the Federal Civil Defence Act and set up a special working body to define this policy. Under the leadership of the Federal Civil Defence Agency, The United States has carried out large-scale civil defense practices in the United States. The Federal Civil Defense Agency has educated the American public to know more about civil defense by launching actions such as vigilance against the United States. In addition, plans such as building bunkers have been proposed to carry out civil defence policies. However, the funding problems exposed in this process and the disputes in other areas have been raised. In any case, the formulation and implementation of the civil defense policy of Truman administration is a measure to deal with the potential threat of war for the United States, although there are many restrictions, The debate and research of the US government, military and Congress still enhance its understanding of the strategic value of civil defense and the ability of national defense, and still provide experience for the subsequent government to develop civil defense.
【学位授予单位】：渤海大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D871.2

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