米尔斯海默的进攻性现实主义理论述评

发布时间：2018-03-25 09:43

本文选题：米尔斯海默　切入点：进攻性现实主义　出处：《湖南师范大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：“进攻性现实主义”是现实主义理论的最新发展,是自20世纪90年代以来从结构现实主义中演化出来的一个分支,美国著名国际关系学者、芝加哥大学教授约翰·米尔斯海默,在其2001年出版发行的巨著《大国政治的悲剧》一书中充分阐述了这一理论。本文基于《大国政治的悲剧》一书,从理论来源、理论内容、理论贡献和理论缺陷这四个方面来系统评析米尔斯海默的进攻性现实主义理论,以期全面系统的阐述进攻性现实主义的理论价值。米尔斯海默在继承早期现实主义者修昔底德、马基雅维利和霍布斯以及现实主义代表人物汉斯·摩根索和肯尼思·沃尔兹的权力思想的基础上,又综合了传统的国家安全思想,提出大国之间从来都是不断地进行权力的角逐,追求权力的最大化直至成为地区霸主。他认为大国实力主要由其相对军事能力来衡量；大国都是“修正主义国家”；大国改变均势的战略主要包括讹诈、诱捕、坐观血腥厮杀和战争；超级大国美国保持均势应采取离岸平衡的战略；由于大国间的权力分配而造成的国际结构是影响大国战争的关键因素；并对大国关系作出了预测,认为中国将会成为美国潜在的威胁。米尔斯海默的进攻性现实主义完善了现实主义理论,复兴了传统的地缘政治理论,补充了联盟形成理论并且其对于国家安全的不断追求很好的解释了美国政府提出的新的安全观念。但其理论也存在较大的理论缺陷,是一种视野比较狭窄,观点比较偏激的理论,其理论对国际体系高度简化；在研究行为主体上局限于大国,漠视中小国家和非国家行为主体的作用；对权力的理解上过分重视军事权力；对大国关系的论述陷入宿命论和循环论；使得“中国威胁论”甚嚣尘上,阻碍了我国的外交发展。
[Abstract]:Offensive realism is the latest development of realism theory. It is a branch of structural realism since the 1990s. John Mills, a famous American scholar of international relations and a professor of Chicago University, is one of the most important scholars in the world. This theory is fully elaborated in his great book tragedy of Great Power Politics, published in 2001. This paper, based on the tragedy of Great Power Politics, is based on the theoretical source and theoretical content. In order to expound the theoretical value of offensive realism in a comprehensive and systematic way, the four aspects of theoretical contribution and theoretical defects are analyzed systematically. On the basis of inheriting the power thoughts of early realist Thucydides, Machiavelli and Hobbes, and realistic representatives Hans Morgenthal and Kenneth Woltz, Integrating the traditional thought of national security, the author points out that great powers always compete for power constantly, pursue the maximization of power until they become regional hegemonists. He thinks that the strength of great powers is mainly measured by their relative military capability. The major powers are all "revisionist countries"; the strategies of changing the balance of power include blackmail, entrapment, watching bloody fighting and war; the United States should adopt the strategy of offshore balance of power; The international structure resulting from the distribution of power among the great Powers is a key factor affecting the wars of the great Powers; and the relations between the great powers are predicted. Thinking that China would become a potential threat to the United States. Mills' offensive realism perfected the theory of realism and revived the traditional geopolitical theory. It complements the theory of formation of the alliance and its constant pursuit of national security, which explains the new concept of security put forward by the United States government. However, its theory also has great theoretical defects and is a relatively narrow field of vision. The theory of extreme views is highly simplified to the international system; it is limited to the large countries in the study of the behavior subject, ignoring the role of the small and medium-sized countries and the non-State actors; the understanding of the power attaches too much importance to the military power; The discussion of the relations between the great powers falls into the theory of fatalism and circulation, which makes the theory of "China threat" rampant and hinders the development of our country's diplomacy.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D80

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