当代白俄罗斯与德国关系研究

发布时间：2018-03-30 14:16

本文选题：白俄罗斯　切入点：德国　出处：《外交学院》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 20世纪90年代初欧洲大陆上风云突变,国际格局发生根本性的变化。东欧剧变、苏联解体、德国统一等等重大历史事件对当今世界格局产生了深远的影响,也强烈地影响到每一个当事国。白俄罗斯和德国作为欧洲大陆上的两个国家,同样也经历了巨大的变动和质的变化。苏联解体使得白俄罗斯作为一个独立的国际行为体登上世界舞台,参与世界事务。德国统一消除了欧洲大陆上的一个“伤痕”,使德国的实力显著增强,也消除了欧洲的不稳定因素。巨变后的两个国家在双边关系的发展上也取得了长足的进步,但双方的交往并不是风平浪静。白俄罗斯与德国具有悠久的交往史,两个民族很早就建立了较密切的联系;两个民族也有着剪不清理还乱的历史恩怨,面对一战和二战的惨烈,使两个民族之间有着一道难以弥合的伤痛;战后的双方分属于不同的意识形态阵营,自然也有着许多隔阂。苏联的解体、德国的统一使得双方能够在一个历史的新起点上发展双边关系,既继承两国关系中的传统联系,也不断开拓双边关系的新领域,同时也有希望抹平历史的伤痕。当代白德关系的发展主要是在政治、经济、文化和人文等四个主要层面展开,应该说取得了一定的成果。如双边平等协商政治关系的建立;在白俄罗斯经济改革中双方的合作;文化领域的密切交流;在解决二战遗留问题和切尔诺贝利问题上的人文合作等等。但双方的合作也是存在着许多的矛盾和冲突。如德国对于白俄罗斯卢卡申科现政权的不满,对于白俄罗斯国内政治经济体制的批评,对白俄罗斯人权和民主的干涉等都直接影响到两国关系的发展,也同时影响到两国在经济、文化和人文领域的相关合作。当然影响白德关系发展的因素也是多样的。如白俄罗斯1996年进行的全民公投修改新宪法;包括德国在内的欧盟国家队白俄罗斯内政和外交的干涉和批评;白俄罗斯和德国各自对于对方的经济价值;白德关系中的美国和俄罗斯因素;以及双方的民族感情在双边关系中的重要作用等等都是影响当前白德关系的重要因素,同时也是白德关系今后如何走的一些重要参考指标。作为一个旁观者在分析白德关系的时候,发现白德关系中有一些有益的处理国家间关系的经验对于我国外交也有一定的借鉴意义。在此必须指出的一点是,在分析白德关系的过程中,德国作为欧盟的重要成员,其与欧盟的对外政策是趋于一致的,因此在涉及对白政策上,德国和欧盟基本保持了步调上的高度一致。所以在文章中有时对白德关系的评析会出现白欧关系的介绍。
[Abstract]:In the early 1990s, there was a sudden change in the European continent and a fundamental change in the international structure. The dramatic changes in Eastern Europe, the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the unification of Germany, and other major historical events had a profound impact on the current world pattern. Also strongly affecting each of the countries concerned. Belarus and Germany, as two countries on the European continent, It has also undergone tremendous changes and qualitative changes. The disintegration of the Soviet Union has enabled Belarus to enter the world stage as an independent international actor, Participation in world affairs. The reunification of Germany has removed a "scar" on the continent of Europe, significantly increased Germany's strength and eliminated factors of instability in Europe. The two countries have also made great progress in the development of bilateral relations since the great changes. But the exchanges between the two sides are not calm. Belarus and Germany have a long history of exchanges, and the two ethnic groups have established close ties early on. The two ethnic groups also have historical grievances of whether to clean up or not clean up and chaos, facing the tragic events of the first World War and the second World War. There was an unbridled pain between the two peoples; the two sides after the war belonged to different ideological camps, and naturally there were many estrangements. The disintegration of the Soviet Union, The reunification of Germany has enabled the two sides to develop bilateral relations at a new starting point in history, which not only inherits the traditional ties in the relations between the two countries, but also continuously opens up new areas of bilateral relations. At the same time, there is also hope to erase the scars of history. The development of contemporary white and German relations is mainly carried out at the four main levels of politics, economy, culture and humanities, and it should be said that certain achievements have been made, such as the establishment of the political relations of bilateral equal consultation; Cooperation between the two sides in the economic reform of Belarus; close exchanges in the field of culture; Humanistic cooperation in solving the problems left over from World War II and Chernobyl, etc. But there are also many contradictions and conflicts between the two sides. For example, Germany's dissatisfaction with the current regime in Lukashenko, Belarus, Criticism of the domestic political and economic system of Belarus, interference in human rights and democracy in Belarus directly affects the development of relations between the two countries, as well as the economic situation of the two countries. Cultural and humanistic cooperation. Of course, the factors affecting the development of relations between Belarus and Germany are also diverse. For example, Belarus held a referendum in 1996 to amend the new constitution; The interference and criticism of Belarus' internal affairs and foreign affairs; the economic value of Belarus and Germany to each other; the American and Russian factors in the relations between Belarus and Germany; As well as the important role of the national feelings of both sides in the bilateral relations and so on are the important factors that affect the current relations between Belarus and Germany. At the same time, it is also an important reference indicator of how the Baish-German relationship will proceed in the future. As a bystander, when analyzing the white-German relationship, It is found that there are some beneficial experiences in handling the relations between countries in the relations between Belarus and Germany, which can also be used for reference in China's diplomacy. It must be pointed out here that, in the course of analyzing the relations between Belarus and Germany, Germany, as an important member of the European Union, is in line with the EU's foreign policy, so in the context of the dialogue policy, Germany and the European Union have basically maintained a high degree of agreement in pace, so in the article, there is sometimes an introduction to the relationship between Belarus and Europe.
【学位授予单位】：外交学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D851.6

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