亨廷顿政治发展理论研究及其现实意义

发布时间：2018-03-31 00:28

本文选题：政治发展　切入点：政治现代化　出处：《北京交通大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 政治发展与稳定,不仅是世界各国政治社会良好发展所必需的客观条件,也是各国学术界广为关注并潜心研究的重要课题。第二次世界大战以来,由西方发达国家主导的民主、平等和选举等政治语言渐渐占据了世界政治发展理论研究舞台的重要位置,第三世界国家一波波民主化浪潮的推进以及刚刚在中亚发生的“颜色革命”表明,西方国家的民主文明价值观依然是世界各国政治发展或隐或现的参考标杆。在中国,随着社会转型的进一步深化,以及为适应社会发展而进行政治、经济和社会的改革的全面展开,政治发展与稳定不仅成为党和国家高层所全力追求的重要目标,其相关研究成果也愈来愈受到我国多个领域专家学者的广泛关注。为顺应世界潮流,准确把握我国当前政治发展进程在世界政治改革大潮中的定位,并为我国政治发展和改革提供有益的比较和借鉴,最终找到一条中国特色的政治发展道路,对这一问题的研究是极为有意义的。政治发展理论自其产生以来,在大部分国家的政治界与学术界一直都比较流行,对世界各国尤其是发展中国家的社会政治发展产生了深远影响。本文主要是通过研究和分析关于亨氏政治发展与稳定理论方面的基本观点。从而寻求对我国和谐社会建设中如何处理改革、发展与稳定的关系有积极参考价值的点。亨廷顿在他的《变化社会的政治秩序》(Political Order in Changing Societies,1968)中系统地阐述了他的政治发展理论。他通过大量的事例和材料证明:政治动荡最容易发生,尤其是在那些已经进入现代化过程,且经济上有相当程度发展的国家和地区,发生的频率最高。现代化进程中,社会成员的欲望日益膨胀,但社会制度却没有完善到能够满足成员的需要,二者之间的矛盾,引发了社会成员的挫折感,因而导致动乱,酿成社会的不稳定。同时,亨廷顿通过从社会动员、经济发展、社会挫折感、社会活动机会、政治参与、政治制度化、政治不稳定等几个向度变量之间的关系来全面展示了他的政治稳定思想。亨廷顿道出了发展中国家发生政治现代化不稳定现象的一些原因,对我国现代化的实现有着一定的启示意义。本论文的重要内容,是以中国政治现代化探索为切入点,阐述了亨廷顿政治发展理论中改革、发展与稳定的关系,政治发展与政治制度的关系,从政治民主与政治制度化的相互平衡及政治稳定的维护及本质等角度对政治发展与稳定理论的重要内容进行展示。最后重点强调了亨廷顿政治发展理论对于中国政治发展及中国的政治民主建设等问题的重大启示及其借鉴意义。同时,我们也不能否认,由于亨廷顿本人的保守主义取向、价值观的偏好及其采用的比较历史的研究方法等原因,亨廷顿政治发展理论有着明显的缺陷。这点,也在本论文中得到重要体现。本文站在客观的角度,对这些缺陷进行分析,以使我们能够对亨廷顿的政治发展理论有更为全面,更为客观的认识。总之,尽管亨廷顿的关于政治发展与政治稳定的理论有着一定可疑的论点,但剖析其中有益的思想,对中国现今如何更好地处理改革、发展、稳定的关系具有积极的参考价值。
[Abstract]:The political development and stability, is not only the objective conditions necessary for good political and social development of all countries in the world, but also the academic circles widely concerned and important topic of painstaking research. Since the Second World War, dominated by western developed countries, equality and democracy, elections and other political language gradually occupy an important position on the world stage theory of political development the third world countries, a wave of democratization and the promotion of the just in Central Asia, the "Color Revolution" that the western democratic values of civilization is still the world's political development of implicit or explicit reference benchmark. In Chinese, with the further deepening of social transformation, and to adapt to the social development and political. Economic and social reforms in full swing, political development and stability not only become an important goal of the party and the state leaders to pursue, the related research The results are also getting more and more attention in many fields of experts and scholars in our country. In order to comply with the world trend, accurately grasp the orientation of China's current political development in the tide of reform in world politics, and for China's political development and reform to provide reference and useful comparison, finally find a China features of political development road and the research on this issue is very meaningful.
The theory of political development since its formation, in the political circles and academia in most countries has been more popular in the world, especially in developing countries has produced profound influence social and political development. This paper is mainly through the research and Analysis on the theory of Heinz political development and stability of the basic ideas for the construction of a harmonious society. In order to seek me in how to deal with the reform, the relationship between development and stability has a positive reference value.
Huntington in his "change of social political order" (Political Order in Changing Societies, 1968) systematically elaborated his theory of political development. He through a lot of examples and materials that political turmoil is most likely to happen, especially in those who have entered the process of modernization, and a considerable degree of economic development of countries and regions, the highest frequency of occurrence. In the process of modernization, social members desire expansion, but the social system is not perfect enough to meet the needs of the member, the contradiction between the two, caused the social members frustration, resulting in unrest, causing social instability. At the same time, Huntington from the social mobilization, economic development the society, frustration, social activities, political participation, political institutionalization, political instability and so on several relations between variables to a comprehensive display of his ideological and political stability. Huntington has shown some reasons for the instability of political modernization in developing countries, which has certain implications for the realization of China's modernization.
The important content of this paper is to explore Chinese, political modernization as the starting point, expounds the reform of Huntington theory of political development, the relationship between development and stability, the relationship between political development and political system, the important content and the stability theory of political stability and balance between maintenance and nature from the perspective of political democracy and political system of the the political development is showed. And emphasizes Huntington's political development theory enlightenment on political development and the problems of China China political construction of democracy and its significance.
At the same time, we also cannot deny that the conservative orientation of Huntington himself, the reason and the preference values of historical and comparative research methods, Huntington's political development theory has obvious defects. This, also be an important manifestation in this thesis. In this paper, stand on the angle of these defects, were analyzed. So that we can on Huntington's theory of political development is more comprehensive, more objective understanding.
In conclusion, though Huntington has some doubtful points about the theory of political development and political stability, we should analyze its beneficial thoughts, which is of positive reference value to China's better handling of reform, development and stability.

【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D80

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