奥巴马政府“重返亚太”战略分析与评估（2009-2012）

发布时间：2018-04-01 03:14

本文选题：“重返亚太”战略　切入点：分析评估　出处：《国际关系学院》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：冷战结束后，亚太地区在美国全球战略中的地位开始上升。进入21世纪以来，从世界范围来看，经济全球化催生了以中国、印度等为代表的新兴经济体群体性崛起，，并推动了世界政治多极化不可逆转的向前发展。以美国为首的西方国家主导了几百年的世界秩序正在以一种前所未有的平稳方式悄然发生变化。亚太地区加速崛起为新的世界地缘政治经济中心，中国、印度等一批亚太新兴国家的崛起、因两场战争导致的对亚太战略投入不足、以美国及伴随亚太经济发展日益加强的经济利益是推动奥巴马政府出台亚太战略的直接动因。奥巴马政府亚太战略的核心目标是全面巩固和加强美国在亚太地区的领导力，进而维持一个长期稳定、安全的地区环境，以及以开放的经济、和平解决争端、尊重普世权利和自由为基础的区域秩序。在第一任期内推行亚太战略过程中，奥巴马政府以“强化同盟关系”、“建立新兴伙伴”、“参与多边机制”为重要手段，在“维护地区安全”、“打造繁荣经济”、和“尊重普世价值”三条战线上积极塑造美国的影响力和领导力。其中一个非常鲜明的特点就是利用亚太尤其是东亚地区安全问题和突发事件及时强化美国对地区安全问题的介入和主导，进而全面更新同盟关系、实现了亚太军事部署的战略性调整。也就是说，在过去四年亚太战略手段中，军事色彩尤为突出；经济上的“TPP”协议和政治上加入东亚峰会也在不同程度上加强了美国在亚太地区的影响力，可以说美国较小的“非物质”战略投入，换来了加大了“实质性”战略效果，这就是全面加强了地区存在。与此同时，亚太战略不是美国全球战略的全部。在加大亚太战略投入的同时，奥巴马政府将在第二任期内努力实现亚太战略与全球战略、亚太战略中军事、政治、经济手段之间、东北亚与东南亚战略地带之间、以及中国与中国周边国家之间的战略再平衡。另一方面，这一战略具有其制约因素，地理上的距离、经济上发展和减缩财政的不确定性、世界格局中不断出现的新变化都制约着美国亚太战略的推行的限度，而同时实现中美关系在亚太地区的良性互动至关重要。
[Abstract]:After the end of the Cold War, the position of the Asia-Pacific region in the global strategy of the United States began to rise.Since the beginning of the 21st century, economic globalization has given birth to the emergence of a group of emerging economies, such as China and India, and has promoted the irreversible development of multipolarization in world politics.The world order, led by the United States for hundreds of years, is quietly changing in an unprecedented, smooth way.The Asia-Pacific region has accelerated its rise as a new geopolitical and economic center of the world. China, India, and other emerging Asia-Pacific countries have risen because of inadequate strategic investment in the Asia-Pacific region as a result of the two wars.The growing economic interests of the United States and the Asia-Pacific region are the direct driving forces behind the Obama administration's Asia-Pacific strategy.The central goal of the Obama administration's Asia-Pacific strategy is to fully consolidate and strengthen U.S. leadership in the Asia-Pacific region, thereby maintaining a stable, secure regional environment for the long term and a peaceful settlement of disputes with an open economy.Regional order based on respect for universal rights and freedoms.During its first term of office, the Obama administration used "strengthening alliances", "building new partners" and "participating in multilateral mechanisms" as important means to "maintain regional security" and "build a prosperous economy."And respect for universal values on the three fronts to actively shape American influence and leadership.One of the most distinctive features is to use security issues and emergencies in the Asia-Pacific region, especially in East Asia, to strengthen US involvement and leadership in regional security issues in a timely manner, thereby comprehensively updating the alliance relationship.The strategic readjustment of military deployment in Asia and the Pacific has been realized.That is to say, in the past four years, the military color has been particularly prominent in the Asia-Pacific strategic means; the economic "TPP" agreement and political participation in the East Asia Summit have also, to varying degrees, strengthened the US influence in the Asia-Pacific region.It can be said that the small "immaterial" strategic investment of the United States has increased the "substantial" strategic effect, which is the overall strengthening of the regional presence.At the same time, the Asia-Pacific strategy is not the whole of America's global strategy.While increasing strategic investment in the Asia-Pacific region, the Obama administration will strive to realize the Asia-Pacific strategy and the global strategy during the second term, between military, political and economic means in the Asia-Pacific strategy, between Northeast Asia and Southeast Asia, and between the strategic areas of Northeast Asia and Southeast Asia.And the strategic rebalancing between China and its neighboring countries.On the other hand, this strategy has its constraints, geographical distance, economic development and reduction of fiscal uncertainty, new changes in the world pattern, which restrict the limits of the implementation of the Asia-Pacific strategy of the United States.At the same time, the realization of Sino-American relations in the Asia-Pacific region of benign interaction is essential.
【学位授予单位】：国际关系学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D871.2

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