中国对老挝援助研究（1960-1965）

发布时间：2018-04-08 10:32

本文选题：中国对外援助　切入点：老挝　出处：《外交学院》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文从中国外交部公开的档案中选择中国对老挝援助的案例来研究中国的对外援助。冷战格局下两大阵营在印度支那的对立以及美国敌视社会主义中国、把战火推进到中老边境是中国开展对老援助的背景。为了维护中国国家安全和日内瓦会议关于老挝中立地位的协定，，中国开展了对老援助活动，避免其落入反华阵营。最早中国提出要援助老挝是1956年，但是中国真正公开的援助老挝始于1960年末。1961年，中老两国建交，老挝向中国提出援助要求的次数属历年之最，援助要求既包括军事物资也包括民用物资。1962年，肯尼迪政府加大了对老挝的干预力度，在中老边境制造“南塔危机”，给中国的国家安全带来极大的威胁，中国因此也加强了对老挝的援助，为此还成立了专门的机构负责援老事务，援助的物资包括军警装备及物资、民用百货、生产工具、现金贷款等，尤其是加强了对邻近中国的南塔、孟新地区的援助。1963年由于老挝局势的变化，掌权的中间派开始对左派采取压制政策，中国对老挝的援助有所收缩，主要是援助左派和中左人士。1964年，由于富马政府对华态度的极大转变，抛出反华言论，中国这年对老挝的援助是历年最少的，只公开援助了一些中左人士。1965年总体上还是延续了1964年的情况，由于富马、贡勒等的态度有所回转，援助比上年稍微增加了一些。虽然中国的经济实力不及美国并且老挝的局势比较复杂，但是，中国通过合理地分配援助资源、灵活地处理老挝复杂的政局，基本上完成了援助所要实现的战略目标，维持了老挝的中立地位，维护了边境的安全。
[Abstract]:This paper studies China's foreign aid by choosing the case of China's aid to Laos from the archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.The antagonism between the two camps in Indochina and the hostility of the United States to socialist China under the Cold War pattern, and the war to be pushed to the border between China and Laos is the background for China to carry out aid to the old.In order to safeguard China's national security and the Geneva conference agreement on Laos's neutral status, China has launched aid activities to prevent it from falling into the anti-China camp.China first offered to aid Laos in 1956, but China's real and open aid to Laos began in late 1960. In 1961, China and Laos established diplomatic relations, and Laos made the most requests to China for assistance in the past years.In 1962, the Kennedy administration stepped up its intervention in Laos, creating a "South Tajikistan crisis" along the border between China and Laos, posing a great threat to China's national security.As a result, China has also stepped up its assistance to Laos. For this purpose, it has also set up a special agency to be responsible for assisting Laos. The aid materials include military and police equipment and supplies, civilian department stores, production tools, cash loans, and so on.In particular, assistance to South Tajikistan and Bangladesh, near China, was strengthened. In 1963, due to the changes in the situation in Laos, the centrist in power began to adopt a policy of repression against the left, and China's aid to Laos contracted.Mainly for the left and the centre-left. In 1964, due to the great change in the attitude of the Fuma government towards China and the anti-China rhetoric, China's aid to Laos this year was the lowest in history.Only public aid was given to some of the centre-left. 1965 continued in general with a slight increase in aid from the previous year, due to a change in attitude on the part of Fuma and Gonle.Although China's economic strength is not as strong as that of the United States and the situation in Laos is relatively complex, by rationally allocating aid resources and flexibly handling Laos's complex political situation, China has basically fulfilled the strategic objective of the aid.Laos maintained its neutral position and maintained the security of its border.
【学位授予单位】：外交学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D822.3

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