美国对密克罗尼西亚战略托管地的政策（1969-1976）

发布时间：2018-04-12 15:16

本文选题：美国 + 密克罗尼西亚　；参考：《福建师范大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：密克罗尼西亚,即太平洋岛屿托管地,二战期间被美国占领,随后成为联合国唯一的战略托管地,由美国托管。20世纪60年代末,迫于联合国的压力和密克罗尼西亚人民的要求,美国政府不得不开始回应密克罗尼西亚关于未来政治地位的诉求。美国最初与象征托管地统一的密克罗尼西亚国会建立的代表团进行整体协商,协商的焦点在于密的主权和土地问题。由于四年协商迟迟未果,美国断然放弃整体协商政策,开始对该地区实行分化协商政策。为了优先保证在北马地区的战略利益并达到利诱其他五区的目的,美国迅速开启与北马地区代表的单独协商并成功签约,该地区在托管结束后将建立联邦,与美国实现永久的政治联合。单独协商加深了密克罗尼西亚的分裂趋势。这一时期美国虽和代表其余五区的密国会代表团达成自由联合条约草案,但密国会表示拒绝,随后召开制宪会议制定出的宪法草案也与之存在较大冲突。鉴于此,加上马绍尔群岛和帕劳地区分离倾向加强以及美国在该地区利益变化等因素,美国决定重新审查对该地区的政策。无论整体协商还是分化协商,美国政策的最终目标都是为了保证本国在该地区的利益。这反映出美国虽常以全球非殖民化进程的领导者自居,然而在对待自己的托管地时却总是以本国国家利益为圭臬,而非仅仅考虑到自由、民主或自决。这一时期美国对密的政策导致其海外领土纷纷提出改变自身政治地位的要求,同时也造成并进一步加深了托管地的分裂。
[Abstract]:Micronesia, the Trust of the Pacific Islands, was occupied by the United States during World War II and subsequently became the only strategic trust of the United Nations, hosted by the United States in the late 1960s, under pressure from the United Nations and by the demands of the people of Micronesia,The U.S. government has had to respond to Micronesia's demands for future political status.The United States initially consulted as a whole with the delegation established by the Federated States Congress, which symbolizes the unity of trusteeship, and the negotiations focused on the secret issues of sovereignty and land.Because of the delay in four years of negotiation, the United States gave up the overall negotiation policy and began to implement the policy of divisive negotiation on the region.In order to give priority to the strategic interests in the North Malaysia region and to achieve the purpose of inducing the other five districts, the United States quickly opened separate consultations with the representatives of the North Malaysia region and successfully signed the agreement, which will establish a federation after the trusteeship is over.Permanent political union with the United States.Separate negotiations deepened the fission trend in Micronesia.During this period, the United States reached a draft treaty of free association with the delegation of the secret Congress representing the other five districts, but the secret Congress refused to do so, and the draft constitution produced by the Constituent Assembly later was in great conflict with it.In view of this, the strengthening of separatism in the Marshall Islands and Palau and the changing interests of the United States in the region, the United States decided to re-examine its policy towards the region.The ultimate goal of U.S. policy, whether holistic or divisive, is to secure its own interests in the region.This reflects the fact that the United States, though often the leader of the global decolonization process, always treats its trustees on the basis of its own national interests, rather than merely considering freedom, democracy or self-determination.During this period, America's secret policy led to the demands of its overseas territories to change their political status, and also caused and deepened the division of trustees.
【学位授予单位】：福建师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D871.2

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