身份政治驱使下的美国对外政策——以美国空袭叙利亚境内目标为例

发布时间：2018-04-13 03:24

本文选题：身份政治 + 美国对外政策　；参考：《世界经济与政治》2015年06期

【摘要】：在对外政策分析方面,研究者应该多视角、多维度地观察和理解一项对外政策。把有关身份及话语的理论引入对外政策研究,有助于拓宽政策分析的视野和手段。在对外政策的全部过程中,确定身份是至关重要的事情。像美国这样的大国,它的对外政策往往受到身份政治的驱使和影响。国家身份不仅是一种文化建构,而且还是话语作用的产物。因此,为了更好地理解和分析对外政策,有必要考察文化与对外政策之间存在的密切关系。在当代美国身份中有两个突出且不一致,甚至彼此冲突的表现——民族主义和"普世"主义。它们不仅体现在美国对外政策的话语及行动中,而且经常给美国对外政策带来错综复杂的后果。2014年夏季,为了维护自身在中东的安全利益,美国决意对叙利亚境内不断扩张的"伊斯兰国"极端势力实施空袭。但是,这一军事行动缺乏来自国内外机构的必要授权,也没有获得叙利亚政府同意。于是,奥巴马政府选择利用话语建构了一个更为"迫在眉睫"、"更为直接"的威胁——"呼罗珊集团"以及它与恐怖主义"基地"组织的联系,以便为美国主导下实施的这一空袭政策寻找到"合法性"和"正当性",为人们从经验上观察和理解美国对外政策如何受到身份政治驱使提供了一个最近的例子。
[Abstract]:In foreign policy analysis, researchers should observe and understand a foreign policy from multiple perspectives and dimensions.Introducing the theory of identity and discourse into the study of foreign policy is helpful to broaden the perspective and means of policy analysis.Identity is crucial in the whole process of foreign policy.A big country like the United States, its foreign policy is often driven and influenced by identity politics.National identity is not only a kind of cultural construction, but also the product of discourse.Therefore, in order to better understand and analyze foreign policy, it is necessary to examine the close relationship between culture and foreign policy.There are two prominent and inconsistent, even conflicting manifestations of contemporary American identity-nationalism and universalism.They are not only reflected in the words and actions of the United States foreign policy, but also often have complicated consequences for the United States foreign policy. In the summer of 2014, in order to safeguard their own security interests in the Middle East,The United States is determined to carry out air strikes against the growing Islamic State extremist forces in Syria.However, the military operation lacked the necessary authorization from domestic and foreign institutions and the Syrian government's consent.So the Obama administration chose to use words to create a more "imminent", "more direct" threat-the Khorasan group and its links to the terrorist al-Qaeda organization.In order to find "legitimacy" and "legitimacy" for this air-raid policy led by the United States, it provides a recent example for people to observe and understand empirically how American foreign policy is driven by identity politics.
【作者单位】：复旦大学美国研究中心;
【分类号】：D815.4

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