索马里海盗问题的应对与治理

发布时间：2018-04-18 07:30

本文选题：索马里海盗 + 国际应对　；参考：《国际展望》2014年04期

【摘要】：在2007—2010年期间,索马里海域海盗活动之频繁、危害之大为二战以来所罕见,成为重大的国际政治、经济和安全问题。国际社会在联合国框架内积极应对,多国海军部署索马里海域护航并联手打击海盗,数国法院对海盗严审重判,反海盗行动取得了阶段性成效。但此类举措的效果是短期性的,其最大成效是将索马里海域的海盗活动降低到与世界上其他繁忙海域相当的水平。目前,索马里海盗或潜伏待机或转移活动海域,反海盗努力依然任重道远。其面临的现实困境是由于相关领域国际法规则的缺陷及实施机制的缺失,大量被捕的索马里海盗未经审判即予以释放,未得到相应的惩罚,也使国际社会的努力应对效果大打折扣。要形成打击海盗的长效机制,国际社会需由目前的被动应对转为主动治理,短期内基于现有的国际法律框架和国际合作机制遏制索马里海盗的活动,中长期则应通过综合联合国《海洋法公约》和《制止危及海上航行安全非法行为公约》的各自优势,制定新的打击海盗的专门性国际公约,从海盗罪界定、司法管辖、刑事定罪、审判制度、调查取证等方面完善现有机制并形成完善的海盗治理机制,从而实现对索马里海盗和更为一般的海盗问题的标本兼治。
[Abstract]:During the 2007-2010 period, piracy off the coast of Somalia became a major international political, economic and security issue, with a great deal of damage rarely seen since World War II.The international community has responded positively within the framework of the United Nations. The navies of a number of countries have deployed escorts off the coast of Somalia and joined hands to fight against pirates. The courts of several countries have severely sentenced pirates, and anti-piracy operations have achieved periodic results.But the effect of such measures is short-term, with the greatest effect being to reduce piracy off the coast of Somalia to levels comparable to those in other busy parts of the world.At present, Somali pirates or latent standby or transfer of activities in the sea, anti-piracy efforts still have a long way to go.The realistic dilemma it faces is that, owing to the shortcomings of the rules of international law and the lack of mechanisms for its implementation in the relevant fields, a large number of Somali pirates who have been arrested have been released without trial and have not been punished accordingly,Also make the international community's efforts to deal with the effectiveness of a big discount.In order to form a long-term mechanism to combat piracy, the international community needs to move from the current reactive response to active governance, in the short term, based on the existing international legal framework and international cooperation mechanisms to curb the activities of Somali pirates.In the medium and long term, through the integration of the respective advantages of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and the Convention for the suppression of unlawful acts against the Safety of Maritime Navigation, a new specialized international convention on combating piracy should be developed from the definition of the crime of piracy and jurisdiction,Criminal conviction, trial system, investigation and evidence collection and so on, improve the existing mechanism and form a perfect pirate governance mechanism, so as to achieve the cure of Somali piracy and the piracy problem more generally.
【作者单位】：上海国际问题研究院信息研究所;《国际展望》编辑部;
【分类号】：D815

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