论反雇佣军使用的规范及国际规制

发布时间：2018-04-20 12:13

本文选题：雇佣军 + 规范　；参考：《外交学院》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：雇佣军是指那些处于低程度国家控制以及没有合理动机的战斗人员。雇佣军在起始阶段基本上是散兵游勇式的个人雇佣军行为，后来国家禁止个人的雇佣军活动，采用“国家对国家”的商业行为方式，19世纪晚期公民军队成为标准之后雇佣军一度销声匿迹，直至20世纪60年代雇佣军才又开始在非洲出现，在90年代转型为私营军事公司在国际舞台上大显身手。反雇佣军使用规范起源于12至14世纪，其后经历了三次转变，第一次是主权国家放弃与独立雇佣军合作并开始使用常备军，同时雇佣军的国际交换成为“国家对国家”的商业形式，，第二次是主权国家停止“国家对国家”的雇佣军贸易，只让本国公民加入军队，反雇佣军使用规范在这个阶段实质上已经内化，第三次是在20世纪60年代，国际社会制定规制雇佣军使用的国际法。虽然反雇佣军使用规范很强大，但由于法律中高度强调非洲国家的利益、强规范可能产生弱国际法以及反雇佣军使用规范与其他规范相冲突等原因，反雇佣军使用的国际规制体系很不完善且效力有限。
[Abstract]:Mercenaries are combatants who are in low state control and have no reasonable motivation. Mercenaries were, at the outset, essentially individual mercenary acts in the form of scattered soldiers, and subsequently the State prohibited individual mercenary activities. The use of "State-to-State" commercial practices and the disappearance of mercenaries in the late 19th century, when civil armies became the norm, did not begin to emerge in Africa until the 1960s, In the 1990 s, it was transformed into a private military company with a strong presence on the international stage. The norm against the use of mercenaries originated in the 12th to 14th centuries and has undergone three subsequent transformations, the first of which was the abandonment by sovereign States of cooperation with independent mercenaries and the beginning of the use of standing forces. At the same time, the international exchange of mercenaries has become a commercial form of "State-to-State", the second time when sovereign States stop the "State-to-State" mercenary trade and only allow their citizens to join the army. The anti-mercenary norms have been internalized in essence at this stage, and the third time was in the 1960s, when the international community formulated the international law to regulate the use of mercenaries. Although the norm against the use of mercenaries is very strong, due to the high emphasis placed on the interests of African States in the law, strong norms may give rise to weak international law and conflict between the norms on the use of mercenaries and other norms, The international system of anti-mercenary use is imperfect and limited.
【学位授予单位】：外交学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D815

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