美国的南亚核政策1964-1979

发布时间：2018-04-20 20:36

本文选题：美国核不扩散政策 + 核不扩散条约　；参考：《郑州大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 自冷战时期以来核不扩散政策一直是美国国家安全战略中的重要组成部分。美国在国际核不扩散机制的形成过程中一直起着领导和推动的作用。但是美国并非全心全意控制核扩散,美国的南亚核不扩散政策服务于其全球冷战战略。美国企图拉拢印度和巴基斯坦,将两国纳入其遏制苏联扩张的战略包围圈,同时美国又希望控制世界范围内的核扩散。在南亚,美国的冷战利益与核不扩散利益并不一致。论文研究1964年到1974年美国的南亚核不扩散政策的形成、发展,以及政策失败原因。作者将美国对南亚的核不扩散政策分为前后相继的两个阶段。1964到1974年美国制定了核不扩散政策,将核不扩散视为美苏“有限的相互利益”领域,并与苏联合作推动了《核不扩散条约》的签署。1974年印度在拉贾斯坦邦的博克兰地区试验核爆炸装置,破坏国际核不扩散进程。1974到1979年,美国既希望拉拢印度,缓和与印度的关系,又希望控制核扩散。美国一面温和回应印度核试验,一面通过桑格委员会、核供应国集团强化核出口管制,加强对进口国的安全保障。美国于1976年通过赛明顿修正案，阻挠了巴法核合作,并于1978年出台《核不扩散法案》,从法律上肯定了有关核贸易的安全保障。论文从三个方面考察了美国的南亚核政策失败的缘由。美国未能满足印度、巴基斯坦的安全需要,导致两国拒绝签署核不扩散条约,大大降低了核不扩散条约对两国的约束力。而自建国起印度对大国地位就有着不懈的追求,这也导致它不允许外部势力决定国内核计划。核不扩散利益始终不是美国外交政策的最高优先权,核不扩散利益要为冷战利益让路。美苏在核不扩散方面的合作根基不稳,难以持久有效地发挥作用。
[Abstract]:Since the Cold War, nuclear non-proliferation policy has been an important part of American national security strategy. The United States has always played a leading and promoting role in the formation of the international nuclear non-proliferation regime. But the United States does not control nuclear proliferation wholeheartedly, and its nuclear non-proliferation policy in South Asia serves its global Cold War strategy. The United States is trying to lure India and Pakistan into its strategic containment of Soviet expansion, while the United States wants to control nuclear proliferation around the world. In South Asia, the Cold War interests of the United States and nuclear non-proliferation interests are not consistent. This paper studies the formation, development and failure of the South Asia Nuclear Non-Proliferation Policy of the United States from 1964 to 1974. The author divides the United States' nuclear non-proliferation policy towards South Asia into two successive stages. From 1964 to 1974, the United States formulated a nuclear non-proliferation policy, which is regarded as a "limited area of mutual interest" between the United States and the Soviet Union. And worked with the Soviet Union to promote the signing of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. In 1974, India tested nuclear explosive devices in the Bockland region of Rajasthan, undermining the international nuclear non-proliferation process. From 1974 to 1979, the United States wanted to win over India. Ease relations with India and hope to control nuclear proliferation. While responding gently to India's nuclear tests, the United States, through the Sanger Committee, strengthened nuclear export controls and enhanced security for importing countries. In 1976, the United States passed the Symington Amendment, which obstructed the nuclear cooperation between Pakistan and France. In 1978, the United States promulgated the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Act, which legally affirmed the safety and security of nuclear trade. The thesis examines the causes of the failure of the US nuclear policy in South Asia from three aspects. The failure of the United States to meet the security needs of India and Pakistan led the two countries to refuse to sign the NPT, greatly reducing the binding force of the NPT on both countries. India's relentless pursuit of power since its founding has led it not to allow outside forces to determine its nuclear program. Nuclear non-proliferation interests are not the highest priority of American foreign policy, and nuclear non-proliferation interests should make way for Cold War interests. Cooperation between the US and the Soviet Union on nuclear non-proliferation has a shaky foundation and is difficult to function effectively and sustainably.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D815.2;K712.54

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