艾森豪威尔政府民防政策探析

发布时间：2018-04-22 04:39

本文选题：艾森豪威尔政府 + 民防政策　；参考：《渤海大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：民防作为一种防御措施,其主要作用是在受到外来袭击时保护民众的生命安全并组织战后重建。随着冷战的形成,以及苏联核武器的发展,美国本土安全的脆弱性逐渐暴露出来。杜鲁门政府开始研究民防的安全价值,这一时期形成了以1950年《联邦民防法》和联邦民防局为核心的民防体系。艾森豪威尔政府时期在继续推行民防政策的同时也尝试进行政策方向的转变,但由于核技术的发展,使得原本对民防有效性问题一直存在的广泛争议持续发酵,致使这个时期的民防政策处于一种徘徊不前的状态。本文将这一时期的民防政策与具体事实结合,系统地梳理艾森豪威尔政府任期内,从最初民防政策的调整与转变,到民众对原子尘危害的认识,并引发关于民防政策的争论,再到导弹差距的形成和盖瑟报告对民防掩体计划的肯定,最后进一步揭示艾森豪威尔政府民防政策的困境。这一时期民防处于徘徊不前的状态是多方面因素共同影响所致,不仅包括艾森豪威尔个人因素,在很大程度上还受到冷战这国际一大背景的制约。
[Abstract]:As a defense measure, the main function of civil defense is to protect people's lives and organize postwar reconstruction. With the formation of the Cold War and the development of nuclear weapons in the Soviet Union, the fragility of American homeland security was gradually exposed. Truman government began to study the safety value of civil defense, which formed the civil defense system with 1950 Federal Civil Defence Act and Federal Civil Defence Bureau as the core. During the Eisenhower Administration period, while continuing to carry out civil defense policy, it also tried to change the policy direction. However, due to the development of nuclear technology, the widespread controversy that had existed on the issue of civil defense effectiveness continued to grow. This period of civil defense policy in a state of stagnation. This article combines the civil defense policy of this period with the concrete facts, systematically combs the Eisenhower administration term, from the initial civil defense policy adjustment and the transformation, to the populace to the atomic dust harm understanding, and causes the debate about the civil defense policy. Then the formation of the missile gap and the affirmation of the civil defense bunker plan in the Gaither report finally reveal the dilemma of the civil defense policy of the Eisenhower administration. In this period, the civil defense in the state of stagnation is caused by various factors, including Eisenhower's personal factors, but also restricted to a large extent by the Cold War, which is a major international background.
【学位授予单位】：渤海大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D871.2

【参考文献】