对新中国成立前后中英建交问题的历史考察

发布时间：2018-04-23 12:29

本文选题：英国外交 + 中英关系　；参考：《安徽大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文把研究的重点放在建国以后,集中考察中英关系在建交问题上的演变。第二次世界大战以后,出现了东西方冷战的格局,中英两国分属于不同的阵营,然而它们并非完全遵从苏、美意志的国家,而是根据自己的国家利益制定对外政策。中英两国国力在20世纪下半期发生了方向相反的变化,中国的国力不断增强,国际地位逐步上升；英国的国力不断削弱,国际地位逐步下降。这就导致了在此时的中英关系中中国处于主动,旧中国时期那种任人宰割的时代一去不复返了。但是要明确的一点是,英国意欲与新中国建立外交关系,并不表明英国对新中国持友好态度,中英之间依然存在着矛盾。本文分为三个部分。第一部分关于新中国成立前英国与中国共产党的关系。经历两次世界大战后的英国,其实力已经大大削弱,在华影响与地位也显著下降。为了维护在华利益,英国开始了与中国共产党的合作。第二部分是关于英国对新中国的承认。1949年10月1日,中华人民共和国宣告成立。仅3个月后,英国宣布承认新中国,成为第一个承认新中国的西方国家。由于经济因素、香港问题、国际冷战大背景以及苏联和美国政策的影响等,中英关系没有得到正常发展。英国作出了不同于美国的抉择,显示了其现实主义外交特性。第三部分反映了中英建交谈判历程的曲折和复杂。当时的国际大背景和英美“特殊关系”决定了英国在承认新中国后就一直停滞不前。中英两国在1954年建立“半外交”关系。直到中美关系出现转机后,中英两国才正式升级为大使级外交关系。中英两国虽然在香港问题上仍然存在着矛盾,但新中国当时作出“暂不收回,维持现状”的决策,保持了香港的稳定。20世纪70年代后,中英双方抓住中美关系改善的历史机遇,妥善解决了两国间一些悬而未决的问题,清除了两国关系发展的障碍,最终实现了两国关系的完全正常化。最后是本文的结语部分,此时的英国外交已经表现出力不从心的特点,然而,为了维护大英帝国昔日的光辉,英国常常借助美国的影响来彰显其实力。中英之间的关系变化,集中反映了当时复杂的国际环境。中国和英国都适时调整外交关系,从而实现了国家利益的最大化。
[Abstract]:This paper focuses on the evolution of Sino-British relations since the founding of the people's Republic of China. After the second World War, there appeared the pattern of the Cold War between East and West. China and Britain belonged to different camps, but they did not follow the will of the Soviet Union and the United States, but made foreign policy according to their national interests. In the second half of the 20th century, the national strength of China and Britain changed in the opposite direction. This led to China's initiative in Sino-British relations at this time, and the old China's era of being left at the mercy of others is gone forever. But to be clear, Britain's desire to establish diplomatic relations with the new China does not mean that Britain is friendly to the new China, and that there are still contradictions between China and Britain. This paper is divided into three parts. The first part deals with the relationship between Britain and the Communist Party of China before the founding of New China. After the two world wars, Britain's strength has been greatly weakened, and its influence and status in China have declined significantly. To safeguard its interests in China, Britain began its cooperation with the Communist Party of China. The second part is about Britain's recognition of New China. On October 1, 1949, the people's Republic of China was established. Just three months later, Britain announced recognition of the new China, becoming the first Western country to recognize the new China. Due to economic factors, the Hong Kong issue, the background of the international cold war and the influence of the Soviet Union and the United States policy, Sino-British relations have not developed normally. Britain made a choice different from the United States, showing its realism diplomatic characteristics. The third part reflects the twists and turns of the negotiation process of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Britain. The international context at that time and the British-American "special relationship" determined that Britain had been stagnant since the recognition of the new China. China and Britain established semi-diplomatic relations in 1954. The two countries did not formally upgrade to ambassadorial diplomatic relations until a turnaround in relations between China and the United States. Although there are still contradictions between China and the United Kingdom on the Hong Kong issue, at that time New China made the policy of "withholding Hong Kong temporarily and maintaining the status quo," thus maintaining Hong Kong's stability. After the 1970s, the Chinese and British sides seized the historic opportunity to improve Sino-US relations. Some outstanding issues between the two countries have been properly resolved, obstacles to the development of bilateral relations have been cleared, and relations between the two countries have finally been fully normalized. The last part is the conclusion of this paper. At this time, British diplomacy has shown the characteristics of inability, however, in order to maintain the former glory of the British Empire, the British often use the influence of the United States to show its strength. The changes in the relationship between China and Britain reflect the complex international environment at that time. Both China and Britain adjusted their diplomatic relations at the right time to maximize their national interests.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K27;D829

【参考文献】