“百万人委员会”和冷战时期美国对华决策

发布时间：2018-04-23 18:29

本文选题：“百万人委员会” + “院外援华集团”　；参考：《复旦大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：利益集团是美国政治进程中十分重要的因素,是美国政治运作不可或缺的主角。利益集团本身并不直接参与决策,其目标主要是通过院外游说活动实现的。在美国众多的院外游说集团中,“院外援华集团”是一些专门为了影响美国政府的对华政策而形成的特殊利益集团。自20世纪40年代形成以来,“院外援华集团”便泛指存在于美国国内外的一个广泛的联盟,其成员包括台湾国民党政府特务、美籍华人、受雇佣的美国游说人士、一些美国政客、学者、商人、被新成立的中华人民共和国驱逐的传教士、以及一些因二战后“失去中国”而失意的美国军方人士,他们竭力维护台湾的国民党政府,并企图摧毁中国的共产主义运动。 “院外援华集团”的代表性组织是“百万人委员会”。作为“院外援华集团”的中坚力量,“百万人委员会”的活动主题包括反对美国政府承认新中国和反对新中国进入联合国、在第一次台海危机中积极主张保卫金门和马祖、反对放宽对华贸易限制等。它充分利用报纸、广播、请愿、时事通讯、竞选捐助、国会听证会等渠道展开活动,旨在对美国的民意、国会议员、学者、政府官员(尤其是国务院和国防部的官员)施加影响。政治过程模式是本文主要的分析框架。“百万人委员会”为了实现反对美国政府承认新中国和反对新中国加入联合国采取了多种游说方式。本文将在阅读已有研究成果、美国外交政策文献集、总统自传、美国部分媒体报道的基础上,分析这些游说活动在不同的国际、国内背景下对美国政策对华决策的影响效果,评价“百万人委员会”的历史作用。并且结合当前中美关系的发展特征,对如何维持中美关系健康稳定的发展提出建议。
[Abstract]:Interest group is a very important factor in American political process and an indispensable protagonist in American political operation. Interest groups themselves are not directly involved in decision-making, their goals are mainly achieved through outside lobbying. Among the many outside lobby groups in the United States, the "Foreign Aid China Group" is a special interest group formed to influence the American government's China policy. Since its formation in the 1940s, the "foreign aid group" has generally referred to a broad alliance that exists in the United States and abroad. Its members include agents of the Kuomintang government in Taiwan, Chinese-Americans, and hired American lobbyists. Some American politicians, scholars, businessmen, missionaries expelled by the newly established people's Republic of China, and some US military figures who were frustrated by the "loss of China" after World War II, have tried their best to defend the Kuomintang government in Taiwan. And tried to destroy China's communist movement. The representative organization of the Foreign Aid China Group is the one million people Committee. As the backbone of the "Foreign Aid to China Group," the activities of the "one million people Committee" include opposing the US Government's recognition of the new China and opposing the entry of New China into the United Nations, and actively advocating the defence of Kinmen and Matsu during the first Taiwan Strait crisis. Oppose the relaxation of trade restrictions on China, etc. It makes full use of newspapers, radio, petitions, newsletters, campaign donations, congressional hearings, and other channels to conduct activities aimed at the public opinion of the United States, members of Congress, academics, Government officials (especially State Department and Defense Department officials) exert influence. The model of political process is the main analysis frame of this paper. The million-man committee has lobbied in a variety of ways to achieve opposition to the U.S. government's recognition of the new China and to New China's admission to the United Nations. This article will analyze the impact of these lobbying activities on US policy decisions on China in different international and domestic contexts on the basis of reading the existing research results, US foreign policy literature collection, the President's autobiography, and some media reports in the United States. To evaluate the historical role of the million people Committee. According to the characteristics of Sino-American relations, this paper puts forward some suggestions on how to maintain the healthy and stable development of Sino-American relations.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D871.2

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