论土耳其加入欧盟进程中的库尔德问题

发布时间：2018-04-24 10:28

本文选题：土耳其 + 库尔德　；参考：《湖南师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：库尔德问题是指土耳其境内的库尔德人为了建立：自决独立的国家所产生的相关问题。第一次世界大战结束后,西方国家在中东地区人为划分了不同的区域,从而造成中东库尔德人分散居住在土耳其、伊拉克、叙利亚与伊朗等国境内,被认为是世界上没有自决独立国家的民族之一,但库尔德人向往建立独立国家的希望一直存在。在土其其境内库尔德人数量众多,约占土耳其总人口的百分之二十八。目前,其境内的库尔德人独立诉求已经从最初的寻求完全独立,建立政府实体,转变到了要求土耳其政府认可其公民权,相应的给予其不同于其他民族的独特权利。为此,库尔德人与土耳其政府间进行了几十年的军事斗争。同时,库尔德问题的复杂性和长期性以及其跨国、跨区域的特点,还对土耳其的社会稳定、经济发展、民族利益以及本地区的战略利益造成了十分不利的影响。近年来,库尔德人越来越明显的分裂主义倾向也让土耳其政府感到了大的危机。目前土耳其政府正在积极努力,争取早日加入欧盟,而库尔德问题的日益严重不仅对其民族利益发展引来负而影响,也日益演变成了国际性的问题。在加入欧盟的过程中,土耳其政府也明显感受到了来自欧盟的压力。欧盟作为一个跨国家组织,其对民族自治和民族权力的保护和认同以及人权问题较为敏感,而库尔德问题的存在,也使得欧盟将其作为土耳其入盟的主要谈判条件,严重影响了土耳其入盟的进程。如果土耳其放弃对库尔德民族的统治,这将不符合土耳其的民族利益和主权完整性原则,也不符合土耳其的民族尊严和国际利益需求。长期以来,库尔德民族主义者经常与伊斯兰教组织结盟,使得库尔德问题更加复杂化,也成为土耳其建国以来面临的最大挑战,对其国家生存产生了较大的威胁,也对土耳其国家现代化发展以及四方世界的认同产生了消极影响。研究土如其库尔德问题不仅涉及到欧盟问题,而且也是土耳其国家现代化以及全球化研究的热点问题,全球化的进程是伴随着区域化国家现代化同步进行的,选择库尔德问题作为切入点讨论土耳其的入盟战略,不仅是战略理论研究的重要问题,也是实际可触知的现实问题。因为库尔德问题愈来愈热,是与欧洲的普遍价值观念相关的,欧洲是否真的支持土耳其加入,本身就存在问题。本研究选择库尔德问题作为切入点,不仅有着战略理论方面的意义,也有着极现实的意义。欧盟各国历来是平衡的高手,在土耳其入盟问题上,英、法、德各有打算和利益点。因此,本研究对促进解决库尔德问题、推动土耳其入盟进程都具有重要意义。
[Abstract]:The Kurdish problem refers to the problems that the Kurds in Turkey have created for the establishment of an independent state. After the end of the first World War, Western countries artificially divided different regions in the Middle East, resulting in the spread of Kurds in Turkey, Iraq, Syria and Iran. Considered one of the world's nations without a self-independent state, the Kurds' hopes for an independent state persist. Turkey is home to a large number of Kurds, accounting for about 28% of Turkey's population. At present, the Kurdish independence in its territory has changed from seeking full independence, establishing a government entity, to asking the Turkish government to recognize its citizenship, and accordingly giving it a unique right different from that of other peoples. To that end, the Kurds and the Turkish government engaged in decades of military struggle. At the same time, the complexity and long-term nature of the Kurdish issue, as well as its transnational and cross-regional characteristics, also have a very negative impact on Turkey's social stability, economic development, national interests and the strategic interests of the region. In recent years, the increasingly separatist tendencies of the Kurds have also made the Turkish government feel a great crisis. At present, the Turkish government is actively striving to join the European Union at an early date, and the increasingly serious Kurdish problem not only has a negative impact on the development of its national interests, but also has increasingly evolved into an international problem. In the process of joining the EU, the Turkish government also clearly felt the pressure from the EU. As an inter-state organization, the EU is more sensitive to the protection and identification of national autonomy and national rights, as well as human rights issues. The existence of the Kurdish issue has also made the EU a major negotiating condition for Turkey's accession to the EU. This seriously affected Turkey's accession process. If Turkey renounces its rule over the Kurdish nation, this will not be in line with Turkey's national interests and the principle of sovereign integrity, nor with Turkey's national dignity and international interests. Kurdish nationalists have often aligned themselves with Islamic groups for a long time, complicating the Kurdish issue and becoming Turkey's biggest challenge since its founding, posing a greater threat to the country's survival. It also had a negative impact on the modernization of Turkey and the recognition of the Quartet. The study of Turkey, such as its Kurdish problem, not only involves the European Union, but also is a hot issue in the study of national modernization and globalization in Turkey. The process of globalization is accompanied by the modernization of the regionalized countries. Choosing the Kurdish issue as the starting point to discuss Turkey's accession strategy is not only an important issue in the study of strategic theory, but also a practical and practical one. Because the Kurdish problem is getting hotter and hotter, it is related to Europe's universal values, and whether Europe really supports Turkey's accession is a question of its own. This research chooses Kurdish question as the breakthrough point, not only has the strategic theory significance, also has the extremely realistic significance. The EU has always been a master of balance, with Britain, France and Germany having their own intentions and interests on the issue of Turkey's accession to the EU. Therefore, this study is of great significance to solve the Kurdish problem and promote Turkey's accession to the EU.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D815.5

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