南海地缘政治与中国国家安全

发布时间：2018-04-25 06:06

本文选题：地缘政治 + 南海争端　；参考：《山东大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：地缘政治理论经历了数百年的发展,在不同时代呈现出了不同的主流理论流派。既有马汉的海权论,又有麦金德的陆权论,也有斯皮克曼的边缘地带学说。纵观近百年来地缘政治理论的发展,其在一定的地理条件下对国家间关系的研究一直是该理论研究的主题。该理论最大的现实性意义在于对国家安全战略的制定发挥着重要作用,它可以帮助国家对外政策制定者认清国家所处的安全环境,并针对该环境制定相应的政策与战略。上世纪60、70年代以来,一些东南亚国家,特别是越南、菲律宾以及马来西亚依靠国土邻近之便开始占领南海诸岛屿,并对所占岛屿周边海域进行了能源开采与开发。特别是南沙岛屿,逐渐地被周边各国分割,呈破碎状状态。这些国家之间以及中国多次因为岛屿主权的归属、领海海域的划分以及能源开发产生摩擦,甚至武装冲突。进入21世纪以后,南海争端逐渐出现了两个新的形势：一是东盟逐渐介入南海争端,东南亚国家也利用东盟整合着利益与力量,在南海争端中以一个声音说话,与中国展开了数次谈判,并在2002签订了《南海各方共同宣言》。二是美国等地区外大国逐渐介入南海地区事务,加强在该地区的军事力量,同时在南海争端中逐渐地与东南亚相关国家展开了包括军事领域在内的多项合作。论文以南海争端为研究对象,试图从地缘政治的角度来研究南海地缘政治格局的演变,从而探究其对中国国家安全的影响,并提出相应的对策。论文首先是导论,主要包括问题的提出及选题意义、国内外研究综述、论文的逻辑思路与研究方法等内容。第一章将对地缘政治理论进行界定,在这里将对地缘政治、地缘政治格局两个概念进行界定,并对地缘政治理论的历史演进进行梳理,从而对地缘政治理论提炼出地缘政治理论基本的分析框架,即找出地理因素与政治因素两个核心变量来分析全球或地区国际关系,接下来将归纳出地缘政治中的几个基本规律。沿着这个框架下文将对南海地区地缘政治状况进行分析。第二章开始将分析南海地缘政治中的东南亚国家的因素,首先将说明南海地区的地理状况,与南海争端的起源,随后将以南海周边国家(在这里以越南、菲律宾、马来西亚为主)为分析对象,来分析各国的南海政策与互动；然后将分析当前南海地缘政治中的新形势——东盟逐渐加强对南海地区事务的干预,最后将分析南海周边国家介入南海争端的原因。第三章将研究地区外大国对南海地区势力的渗透以及干预,这里以美国为例。首先将分析美国在南海地区政策演变的历史,然后将从地缘政治视角分析美国逐渐加强对该地区干预的原因,最后将分析美国对南海地区事务的介入对南海地区安全的影响,即在多大程度上改变了原来的地区权力格局与地区安全形势。第四章将研究中国在这种地缘政治格局下维护其南海安全所应采取的对策,首先要说明南海对于中国国家安全的重要意义,然后将分析当前南海地缘政治格局对中国国家安全的挑战,最后将提出中国的对策。最后是结语部分,将在对全文内容进行总结的基础上提出对今后南海地缘政治发展的展望。
[Abstract]:The geopolitical theory has experienced hundreds of years of development . There are different mainstream theory schools in different times . The study of the relationship between countries has been the subject of the study of the theory in the past 100 years . The greatest practical significance of the theory lies in the important role of the development of the national security strategy . It can help the foreign policy makers in the country to identify the security environment in the country and formulate corresponding policies and strategies for the environment .

Since the 1960s , since the 1970s , some Southeast Asian countries , especially Vietnam , the Philippines and Malaysia , rely on their borders to start the occupation of the island of Hainan Island , and have carried out energy exploitation and exploitation on the islands surrounding the islands .

Based on the dispute between the South China Sea and the South China Sea , the thesis attempts to study the evolution of the geopolitical structure of the South China Sea from the perspective of geo - politics , so as to explore its impact on China ' s national security , and put forward corresponding countermeasures .

Firstly , the thesis is guided by the introduction of the problem , the significance of choosing the topic , the summary of the research at home and abroad , the logical thinking of the thesis and the research method .

The first chapter defines the geopolitical theory , defines two concepts of geo - political and geo - political pattern , and sorts out the historical evolution of geo - political theory .

The second chapter begins with the analysis of the factors of Southeast Asian countries in the South China Sea , which will first explain the geographical situation of the South China Sea region and the origin of the South China Sea dispute , and then analyze the South China Sea policy and interaction with the surrounding countries of the South China Sea ( mainly Vietnam , the Philippines and Malaysia ) as the analysis objects .
Then , we will analyze the new situation in the current geopolitical situation in the South China Sea and gradually strengthen the intervention on the South China Sea area affairs . Finally , the reasons for the settlement of the South China Sea South China Sea disputes will be analyzed .

In the third chapter , we will study the penetration and interference of the foreign powers in the South China Sea region , taking the United States as an example . First , we will analyze the history of the American policy evolution in the South China Sea , and then analyze the reasons why the United States gradually strengthens the intervention in the region from the geopolitical perspective , and finally , it will analyze the influence of the United States on the security of the South China Sea region , namely , to a great extent the original regional power pattern and the regional security situation .

The fourth chapter will study the countermeasures that China should take to maintain the security of the South China Sea in this geopolitical landscape , first of all , to illustrate the importance of the South China Sea for the security of China ' s national security , and then the challenge of the current geopolitical pattern of the South China Sea to China ' s national security will be analyzed . Finally , China ' s countermeasures will be put forward .

Finally , the conclusion is that the conclusion part will put forward the prospect of geo - political development in the South China Sea on the basis of summarizing the contents of the whole text .

【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D823

【引证文献】