正常化以来的美越军事关系研究

发布时间：2018-04-30 05:00

本文选题：美国 + 越南　；参考：《复旦大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：正常化以来,美越关系取得了较快的发展。近年来,随着美国“重返亚太”战略的出台及中越南海主权争端的高涨,美越军事关系加速发展,引起较大的关注。本文在总结正常化以来美越军事关系发展脉络的基础上,试图归纳其特点,分析其促进因素及阻碍因素,并对其未来走向进行预测。正常化以来,美越军事关系大概经历了三个发展阶段。1995年至1999年是美越军事关系的有限接触期。在这一阶段,零星的高官互访与交流特别是两国在处理战争遗留问题上的合作增进了相互的了解,有利于双方准确地把握对方的意图。但这一阶段两国的军事关系是极其有限的。2000年至2007年是美越军事关系的深化交往期。2000年科恩和克林顿对越南的访问大大加速了两国军事关系的发展,两国领导人的互访逐渐增多并日益机制化。2003年美国“范德格里夫特”驱逐舰对越南的访问开启了美越“舰艇外交”的序幕,2005年越南加入美国国际军事教育与培训项目使得两国军事关系进入了务实合作的阶段。2008年之后,随着奥巴马上台后美国“重返亚太”战略的出台及中越南海主权争端的高涨,美越军事关系进一步加强。两国军事领域的双边和多边对话与合作机制开始发展,军事医学、民用核能等也成为两国在军事领域务实合作的亮点。正常化以来,美越军事关系总体上是不断发展的,但总体来看,双边军事关系水平不高,具有明显的实用主义色彩。正常化以来特别是近年来美越军事关系的发展是多种因素综合作用的结果。美国在“重返亚太”战略的背景下更加重视越南,而革新开放后的越南渴望加强与西方的联系,以促进本国现代化特别是军事领域的现代化,而南海主权争端更促使其拉拢域外大国以制衡中国。同时,美越军事关系也存在较大的障碍,人权问题、战争遗留问题、对中国的顾忌和缺乏互信都阻碍了双边军事关系的发展。此外,美国越南族群的政治游说和越南国内的民族主义对美越军事关系的发展产生了影响。可以预见,未来美越军事关系可能会进一步发展,但存在难以突破的瓶颈,美国重返金兰湾的愿望难以实现,而美国也不大可能完全解除对越军售限制。同时,国内问题的压力和全球与地区局势的变化使得两国有可能调整政策,双方的吸引力存在下降的可能。尽管如此,非传统安全领域可能成为未来美越军事合作的重点。中国是美越军事关系的重要第三方,美越军事关系的发展不可避免地对中国产生影响。中国要坚定不移地走和平发展道路,求同存异,大力发展与美国的新型大国关系和与越南的“四好关系”。
[Abstract]:Since normalization, US-Vietnam relations have made relatively rapid development. In recent years, with the introduction of the "return to the Asia-Pacific" strategy and the rising sovereignty dispute between China and Vietnam in the South China Sea, the military relations between the United States and Vietnam have accelerated development and attracted great attention. On the basis of summing up the development of military relations between the United States and Vietnam since normalization, this paper attempts to sum up its characteristics, analyze its promoting and hindering factors, and predict its future trend. Since the normalization of military relations between the United States and Vietnam, the military relations between the United States and Vietnam have probably undergone three stages of development. The period from 1995 to 1999 is a period of limited contact between the United States and Vietnam. At this stage, the sporadic exchange of visits and exchanges between senior officials, especially the cooperation between the two countries in handling issues left over by the war, has enhanced mutual understanding and helped both sides accurately grasp each other's intentions. However, the military relations between the two countries at this stage are extremely limited. The period from 2000 to 2007 is a period of deepening exchanges between the United States and Vietnam. The visit of Cohen and Clinton to Vietnam in 2000 has greatly accelerated the development of military relations between the two countries. The exchange of visits between the leaders of the two countries has gradually increased and become increasingly institutionalized. The visit of the US destroyer van der Griff to Vietnam in 2003 opened the prelude of "naval diplomacy" between the United States and Vietnam, and Vietnam joined the United States in international military education and training in 2005. The project has brought the military relationship between the two countries into a phase of practical cooperation. After 2008, With the introduction of the U.S. "return to the Asia-Pacific" strategy after Obama took office and the rising sovereignty dispute between China and Vietnam in the South China Sea, US-Vietnam military relations have been further strengthened. Bilateral and multilateral dialogue and cooperation mechanisms in the military field between the two countries have begun to develop, and military medicine and civil nuclear energy have also become the highlight of pragmatic cooperation between the two countries in the military field. Since normalization, the military relations between the United States and Vietnam have been developing continuously, but on the whole, the level of bilateral military relations is not high and has obvious pragmatism. The development of US-Vietnam military relations since normalization, especially in recent years, is the result of many factors. In the context of the "return to the Asia-Pacific" strategy, the United States attaches greater importance to Viet Nam, which is eager to strengthen its ties with the West in order to promote its modernization, especially in the military field. The South China Sea sovereignty dispute urges it to attract foreign powers to check and balance China. At the same time, there are also major obstacles to US-Vietnam military relations. Human rights issues, problems left over by the war, scruples to China and lack of mutual trust have all hindered the development of bilateral military relations. In addition, the political lobbying of the Vietnamese ethnic groups and nationalism in Vietnam had an impact on the development of military relations between the United States and Vietnam. It can be predicted that military relations between the United States and Vietnam may develop further in the future, but there are bottlenecks that are difficult to break through, the desire of the United States to return to Jinlan Bay is difficult to realize, and it is unlikely that the United States will completely lift the restrictions on arms sales to Vietnam. At the same time, pressure on domestic issues and changes in the global and regional situation have made it possible for the two countries to adjust their policies, and there is a possibility that the attractiveness of both countries will decline. Nevertheless, non-traditional security is likely to be the focus of future US-Vietnam military cooperation. China is an important third party in the military relations between the United States and Vietnam, and the development of military relations between the United States and Vietnam inevitably has an impact on China. China should unswervingly follow the road of peaceful development, seek common ground while reserving differences, and vigorously develop new relations with the United States and "four good relations" with Vietnam.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D871.2;D833.3;E16

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