20世纪20年代美国和平主义运动研究

发布时间：2018-04-30 19:32

本文选题：美国 + 和平主义运动　；参考：《兰州大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：拿破仑战争作为欧洲近代历史上第一次大规模的战争,推动了欧美和平主义与和平运动的发展。以“纽约和平协会”为开端,一系列反对战争,追求和平的团体纷纷出现。随着和平主义思想的不断丰富,和平运动的群众基础越来越广泛,他们不仅在国内形成若干和平团体,而且还与其他国家和平团体相互沟通,召开国际和平会议,最终发展成国际联合行动,共同为反对战争,追求和平而努力。第一次世界大战的爆发,给和平主义运动以沉重打击。但是,各国反对战争的努力并未因此中断。一战爆发后,美国和平主义者相继建立了各种类型的和平团体。20世纪20年代,“恢复常态”成为美国民众的普遍愿望,反战、厌战、畏战成为民众的普遍情绪,他们不想再次重蹈战争覆辙。他们尝试用新的方式来防止战争,各和平主义团体通过集会、出版报刊、巡回演讲等方式开展和平主义运动。20世纪20年代美国和平主义运动出现了其发展史上的高潮时期。各种和平团体纷纷出现,根据其坚持的和平理念以及关于如何实现和平策略上的不同,大致可分为国际主义团体、法治主义团体和自由和平主义团体三种类型。各和平主义团体提出各式各样的和平计划,如希望通过建立联盟体系、召开裁军会议、缔结和平条约、进行和平教育等途径来防止战争,除了坚持原有的人道主义和憎恶战争的信条外,还将和平与改造不合理的国内和国际秩序联系起来,不断丰富和平主义的内涵。20年代美国和平主义思想受到进步主义、自由主义、国际主义、女权主义、理想主义等思想的影响。这一时期的和平主义运动一方面继承了以往和平运动的进步成果,另一方面还呈现出和平团体数量增多、规模扩大;群众基础广泛、和平主义者职业构成多样化;具有进步主义和国际主义色彩;由消极和平向积极和平转变等特点。20年代的和平主义运动既是对一战惨痛经历深刻反思的结果,更是国际国内大环境发展变化的需要。这一时期美国和平主义运动对美国的社会心理和政府的外交政策,抑或是国际关系都产生了积极影响。但是和平主义也存在一定的缺陷,它对美国社会也带来了一定的负面影响。
[Abstract]:As the first large-scale war in the modern history of Europe, Napoleon War promoted the development of pacifism and peace movement in Europe and America. Starting with the New York Peace Association, a series of groups opposed to war and seeking peace emerged. With the constant enrichment of pacifism, the popular base of the peace movement has become more and more broad, and they have not only formed a number of peace groups in the country, but also communicated with other peace groups in other countries to convene an international peace conference, Finally, it developed into a joint international action to fight against war and pursue peace. The outbreak of World War I dealt a heavy blow to the pacifist movement. However, efforts to combat war have not been interrupted. After the outbreak of World War I, American pacifists successively established various types of peace groups. In the 1920s, "returning to normalcy" became the common aspiration of the American people. They do not want to repeat the war. They tried to prevent war in new ways. The pacifist groups carried out the pacifist movement by gathering, publishing newspapers and touring speeches. The American pacifist movement in the 1920s had its climax in the history of its development. All kinds of peace groups have emerged one after another. According to their peace ideas and different strategies on how to achieve peace, they can be divided into three types: internationalist group, rule of law group and free pacifist group. The pacifist groups put forward various peace plans, such as the desire to prevent war through the establishment of a coalition system, the convening of disarmament conferences, the conclusion of peace treaties and peace education. In addition to upholding the original tenets of humanitarianism and the abhorrence of war, it also linked peace to the reform of an unreasonable domestic and international order, and constantly enriched the connotation of pacifism. In the 1920s, American pacifism was progressive. The influence of liberalism, internationalism, feminism, idealism, etc. On the one hand, the pacifist movement of this period inherited the progressive achievements of the past peace movements, on the other hand, it also showed that the number and scale of peace groups increased, the mass base was broad, and the professional composition of pacifists was diversified. The pacifist movement of the 1920s was not only the result of deep reflection on the painful experience of the first World War, but also the need of the development and change of the international and domestic environment. During this period, American pacifism had a positive influence on American social psychology, government foreign policy and international relations. But pacifism also has certain flaw, it also brought certain negative influence to American society.
【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D871.2

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