伊拉克外交政策中的认同因素探析

发布时间：2018-05-02 22:26

本文选题：伊拉克 + 认同　；参考：《山西师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：认同是认同持有者对自身与他者关系的理解。认同的塑造过程受到权力精英、社会力量以及国际因素三个方面的共同影响，它是国家利益的重要来源，通过塑造国家利益观、限制国家或决策者的外交选择范围两种方式制约着国家外交政策的形成。本文以阿拉伯认同对伊拉克外交政策的塑造为主线，将伊拉克外交分为前萨达姆时期、萨达姆时期和后萨达姆时期三个阶段，并对各阶段认同指导下的外交政策进行分析。前萨达姆时期，阿拉伯认同在与伊拉克国家认同的博弈中，伊拉克外交中更多地体现出阿拉伯民族主义倾向。这一阶段中，具有强烈分裂倾向的库尔德认同对伊拉克外交的影响也比较明显，伊拉克与伊朗、土耳其、叙利亚曾合作镇压库尔德运动，但是伊朗等国也支持伊拉克国内库尔德人分裂运动挟制伊拉克政府。萨达姆时期，复兴党强烈的阿拉伯认同在外交政策中得到充分体现，伊拉克积极追求阿拉伯世界的领导权，但因为两伊战争的爆发，伊拉克对阿拉伯国家的政策转向温和，但一直坚持反对美国和以色列的立场。在两伊战争和海湾战争中，伊拉克为了动员国内民众，赢得中东国家的支持和同情，，萨达姆诉诸于伊斯兰认同。后萨达姆时期，伴随阿拉伯认同衰落，伊拉克外交政策中的阿拉伯外交倾向减弱。这一时期伊拉克什叶派的地位上升，外交政策更多地体现出亲伊朗倾向。本文通过对伊拉克外交政策中认同因素的研究，发现伊拉克外交政策受到了认同的深刻影响。另外，伊拉克国家认同软弱以及诸多认同相互竞争是伊拉克外交政策方向多变的重要原因。重新构建强大的国家认同，在国家认同指导下独立自主地进行外交交往，是伊拉克消除内乱、提高国际信用度的可取出路。
[Abstract]:Identity is the identity holder's understanding of the relationship between himself and the other. The process of shaping identity is influenced by the power elites, social forces and international factors. It is an important source of national interests. There are two ways to restrict the foreign policy of the state or the decision maker. This paper takes the shaping of Arab identity on Iraq's foreign policy as the main line, divides Iraqi diplomacy into three stages: pre-Saddam period, Saddam period and post-Saddam period, and analyzes the foreign policy under the guidance of each stage identity. In the pre-Saddam period, Arab identity in the game with Iraq's national identity, Iraqi diplomacy more reflected the Arab nationalist tendencies. During this period, the Kurdish identity with a strong separatist tendency also had a more obvious impact on Iraqi diplomacy. Iraq cooperated with Iran, Turkey, and Syria to suppress the Kurdish movement. But Iran and other countries also support Kurdish separatist movements in Iraq to blackmail the Iraqi government. During Saddam Hussein's time, the strong Arab identity of the Baath Party was fully reflected in its foreign policy. Iraq actively pursued the leadership of the Arab world, but because of the outbreak of the Iran-Iraq war, Iraq's policy towards Arab countries turned moderate. But it has been against the United States and Israel. In the Iran-Iraq War and the Gulf War, in order to mobilize the domestic people and win the support and sympathy of the Middle East, Saddam Hussein resorted to Islamic identity. In the post-Saddam period, with the decline of Arab identity, the tendency of Arab diplomacy in Iraq's foreign policy weakened. Iraq's Shia status rose during this period, and foreign policy reflected more pro-Iranian tendencies. By studying the identification factors in Iraq's foreign policy, this paper finds that Iraq's foreign policy is deeply influenced by identity. In addition, the weakness of Iraqi national identity and the competition of many identities are important reasons for the changing direction of Iraq's foreign policy. Reconstructing a strong national identity and independently conducting diplomatic exchanges under the guidance of national identity is a desirable way for Iraq to eliminate civil strife and enhance international credit.
【学位授予单位】：山西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D837.7

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