中国外交分权体系下的议会外交

发布时间：2018-05-04 04:40

本文选题：外交分权 + 议会外交　；参考：《世界经济与政治》2015年11期

【摘要】：议会外交的兴起打破了由行政机关垄断外交权力的结构,创造了一种对外交往的新范式。中国全国人民代表大会及其常委会进行的国际交往也属于议会外交的范畴,但与西方"三权分立"体制下的制衡式的议会外交有显著差异。对于中国议会外交的研究,应将其放置在外交分权体系之中,侧重对于总体外交下全国人大的外交地位的研究,并总结中国议会外交的策略与方式。具体而言,中国的外交分权体系表现为成文宪法与不成文宪法相结合的"外交双重权力格局"。议会外交既是最高国家权力的直接运行,也是执政党领导下的总体外交的重要环节。在全国人大内部的职责分工上,"一院双层"的宪制构造使得议会外交的职能集中于常委会层面,并且建立了制度化的内外分工协作机制。在开展议会外交过程中,全国人大逐步明确了议会外交的目标,采取了灵活多样的策略方式,以服务于总体外交、促进经济发展并提升人大自身工作。现有外交分权体系确定了议会外交的制度空间,而国家安全委员会的设立则为规范外交分权体系、廓清议会外交的权力边界提供了制度契机。
[Abstract]:The rise of parliamentary diplomacy broke the structure of monopoly of diplomatic power by administrative organs and created a new paradigm of foreign communication. The international exchanges between the National people's Congress and its standing Committee also belong to the scope of parliamentary diplomacy, but there are significant differences with the parliamentary diplomacy of checks and balances under the system of "separation of powers" in the West. The study of Chinese parliamentary diplomacy should be placed in the system of diplomatic decentralization, focusing on the study of the diplomatic status of the NPC under the overall diplomacy, and summing up the strategies and methods of China's parliamentary diplomacy. Specifically, China's diplomatic decentralization system is characterized by the combination of the written constitution and the unwritten constitution. Parliamentary diplomacy is not only the direct operation of the supreme state power, but also the important link of the overall diplomacy under the leadership of the ruling party. In terms of the division of duties and responsibilities within the NPC, the constitutional structure of "one House and two tiers" makes the functions of parliamentary diplomacy concentrate on the standing committee and establish an institutionalized mechanism of internal and external division of labor and coordination. In the process of carrying out parliamentary diplomacy, the NPC has gradually defined the objectives of parliamentary diplomacy and adopted flexible and diverse tactics to serve the overall diplomacy, promote economic development and promote the work of the NPC itself. The present system of diplomatic decentralization determines the institutional space of parliamentary diplomacy, and the establishment of the National Security Committee provides an institutional opportunity for standardizing the system of diplomatic decentralization and clarifying the power boundary of parliamentary diplomacy.
【作者单位】：中国人民大学法学院;
【基金】：教育部国家留学基金“2014年国家建设高水平大学公派研究生项目”(项目编号:201406360080)资助成果
【分类号】：D822.3

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