朴槿惠政府“平衡外交”的实效分析

发布时间：2018-05-04 08:21

本文选题：朴槿惠政府 + 平衡外交　；参考：《辽宁大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：中国是东北亚地区的域内大国,美国是东北亚地区的域外大国。中美两国的关系关系到东北亚地区的主要国家间的关系,影响着东北亚地区主要国家的对外政策。如何处理好与中美两国的关系对于东北亚地区国家至关重要。韩国作为东北亚地区的主要国家之一,也需要审视与中美两国的关系,处理好与中美两国的关系。在中国国际地位上升、经济快速发展的情况下,美国为了在亚太地区建立起在其主导下的国际秩序,遏制中国的崛起,高调重返亚太,随着朝鲜进行核试验而来朝鲜半岛的局势不断紧张,朴槿惠上台之际,韩国国内经济尚未从经济危机的余波中恢复过来,经济低迷,加之,卢武铉政府和李明博政府时期也不断发展了同中国的关系,这样一个大背景下,为拓展外交空间,为本国争取更大的外交灵活性和外交回旋余地,朴槿惠政府实施了对中美的“平衡外交”政策。朴槿惠政府实施的“平衡外交”是以均势理论为指导的,在中美结构性矛盾、朝韩矛盾的基础上,为拓展本国的外交空间,不断调整与中美两国的关系,针对与中美两国的关系而有所侧重的与两国进行合作,从而实现国家利益最大化的一种外交政策或手段。朴槿惠政府在深化韩美同盟的同时也同中国开展了在政治安全领域的新合作,韩美两国在纪念韩美同盟60周年之际深化并拓展了其同盟关系,中韩高层互访频繁,并开通了国防热线,开启了中国主管外交的国务院负责人和韩国青瓦台国家安保室长对话,开展青年军官交流、深化军事教育训练等合作,并参加中国的9·3阅兵等。韩国同美国、中国的经济也进一步紧密。韩美两国FTA的一些条款生效,两国在农产品等方面的关税壁垒进一步降低,韩国在巨大的压力下,加入亚投行,正式签署中韩FTA等。此外,韩美两国还拓展了合作的新领域包括网络、卫生等,中韩加深了人文及民间交流。韩国通过开展与中美两国间的外交,一定程度上平衡了同中美两国的关系。然而,如何平衡好同中美两国的关系对于韩国来说仍然是一个难题。由于朝鲜进行核试验,“萨德”入韩问题再次被提出,韩美两国决定部署萨德并开始进行准备,“萨德”问题又与长久存在并不易解决的中美结构性矛盾相关联,下一任政府是否会继续实施“平衡外交”,这些对于朴槿惠政府的“平衡外交”都是巨大挑战。针对以上这些问题,韩国下届政府可能会重新审视本国的处境,做出正确的战略判断,和平解决朝核问题,同时正视中美矛盾以及韩国与中美两国间的矛盾,韩国下届政府在此基础上可能继续实行“平衡外交”,在重视韩美同盟的同时继续充实中韩战略合作伙伴关系,以平衡好与中美的关系,实现国家利益最大化。
[Abstract]:China is a regional power in Northeast Asia, and the United States is an extraterritorial power in Northeast Asia. The relationship between China and the United States is related to the relations between the major countries in Northeast Asia and affects the foreign policy of the major countries in Northeast Asia. How to deal with the relationship between China and the United States is of great importance to Northeast Asian countries. South Korea, as one of the major countries in Northeast Asia, also needs to examine its relations with China and the United States and handle its relations with China and the United States. Under the circumstances of China's rising international status and rapid economic development, in order to establish an international order under its leadership in the Asia-Pacific region and contain the rise of China, the United States returned to the Asia-Pacific region in a high profile. With tensions rising over North Korea's nuclear test, Park Geun-hye took office at a time when South Korea's domestic economy has not recovered from the fallout of the economic crisis, the economic downturn, plus, The Roh Moo-hyun and Lee Myung-bak administrations also continued to develop relations with China during the period. Against such a background, in order to expand diplomatic space and gain greater diplomatic flexibility and diplomatic leeway for the country, Park Geun-hye 's government has adopted a "balanced foreign policy" with China and the United States. The "balanced diplomacy" implemented by Park Geun-hye 's government is guided by the theory of balance of power. On the basis of the structural contradictions between China and the United States and the contradictions between the DPRK and the ROK, and in order to expand its diplomatic space, it constantly adjusts its relations with China and the United States. A foreign policy or means that focuses on cooperation with China and the United States in order to maximize national interests. While deepening the Korea-US alliance, Park Geun-hye 's government has also launched new cooperation with China in the field of political security. South Korea and the United States have deepened and expanded their alliance relations on the occasion of the 60th anniversary of the Korea-US alliance, and high-level exchanges of visits between China and South Korea have been frequent. It opened a national defense hotline, opened a dialogue between the head of the State Council in charge of foreign affairs and the head of the South Korean security department, conducted exchanges among young officers, deepened cooperation in military education and training, and participated in China's 9.3 military parade. South Korea and the United States, China's economy is also closer. Some provisions of the FTA between South Korea and the United States have come into effect, tariff barriers on agricultural products and other aspects of the two countries have been further reduced, and South Korea has joined the AIIB under tremendous pressure and formally signed FTA between China and South Korea. In addition, South Korea and the United States have expanded new areas of cooperation, including Internet, health, etc. China and South Korea have deepened cultural and folk exchanges. South Korea has balanced its relations with China and the United States to some extent through diplomacy with China and the United States. However, how to balance relations with China and the United States remains a problem for South Korea. As a result of North Korea's nuclear test, the issue of "THAAD" entry into the ROK was raised again, and the two countries decided to deploy THAAD and began preparations. The "THAAD" issue was linked to the long-standing structural contradiction between China and the United States, which was not easily resolved. Whether or not the next administration will continue to implement "balanced diplomacy" is a huge challenge for Park's administration. In view of these problems, the next South Korean government may re-examine its situation, make a correct strategic judgment, peacefully resolve the North Korean nuclear issue, and at the same time face squarely the contradictions between China and the United States and between South Korea and China and the United States. On this basis, the next government of South Korea may continue to carry out "balanced diplomacy" and continue to enrich the strategic and cooperative partnership between China and South Korea while attaching importance to the Korea-US alliance, so as to balance the relations with China and the United States and maximize the national interests.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D831.26

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