巴基斯坦核开发研究

发布时间：2018-05-05 01:08

本文选题：巴基斯坦 + 印度　；参考：《西华师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：1947年英国批准《蒙巴顿方案》,1947年8月14日,巴基斯坦自治领成立。印巴分治以来,印度、巴基斯坦两国冲突不断,给两国人民带来惨重灾祸。50多万人在宗教仇杀中丧生,1200万人无家可归,1000多万难民互相逃到对方国家。印巴分治割断原有的经济联系,造成两国经济畸形发展,并且给印巴两国带来政治上的不睦,酿成多次冲突。巴基斯坦不论是在经济上还是军事上都受到印度的威胁。为了能与印度在南亚地区构成均势,巴基斯坦选择核开发。核开发分为两种,分别为民用核开发和军用核开发。两者不同,但是又有联系,中间存在一定的灰色地带。巴基斯坦一开始发展的是民用核设施,1971年印巴第三次战争失去东巴基斯坦(现在孟加拉)后,巴基斯坦开始发展核武器。在巴基斯坦进行核开发的历程中,任何一个事件都很可能改变巴基斯坦核开发的走向。国家政变、美国干预和制裁、冷战的局势变化以及南亚局势变化都影响着巴基斯坦的核开发的方向。本文就巴基斯坦的核开发历程进行梳理,主要描述巴基斯坦在不同时期发生的不同事件,对核开发历程的影响。20世纪50年代到60年代,巴基斯坦开始发展民用核基础设施。在此期间,美国一直与印度和巴基斯坦周旋,签署《核不扩散条约》。1971年印巴第三次战争爆发,东巴基斯坦(现孟加拉)脱离巴基斯坦独立。在第三次印巴战争中,巴基斯坦意识到所谓盟友不会一直是盟友,想要在南亚次大陆达到均势需要依靠自己的力量强大,同时意识到发展核武器的重要性。20世纪70年代到90年代,巴基斯坦开始着手开发研究核武器技术。期间,巴基斯坦国内政治动荡。在与印度的军备竞赛中,巴基斯坦不断发展核技术的同时,也在不停地改变自己的核态势,以应对国际环境的变化以及核大国的态度。1998年印度核试验爆炸之后,巴基斯坦连续爆炸6个核装置,标志着巴基斯坦成为核武器国家。
[Abstract]:The British approved the Montparton Program in 1947, and on August 14, 1947, the Territory of Pakistan was established. Since the partition of India and Pakistan, the conflict between India and Pakistan has brought disaster to the people of both countries. More than 1.5 million people have been killed in religious revenge killings, and more than 12 million people have been homeless and more than 10 million refugees have fled to each other's countries. The partition of India and Pakistan severed the original economic ties, resulting in the abnormal economic development of the two countries, and brought about political discord between India and Pakistan, resulting in many conflicts. Pakistan is threatened by India both economically and militarily. Pakistan has opted for nuclear development in order to form a balance of power with India in South Asia. Nuclear development is divided into two types, civil nuclear development and military nuclear development. The two are different, but they are related, and there is a certain grey area in the middle. Pakistan began to develop civilian nuclear facilities and began to develop nuclear weapons after the loss of East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) in 1971 after the third India-Pakistan War. In the course of Pakistan's nuclear development, any event is likely to change the direction of Pakistan's nuclear development. State coups, U.S. intervention and sanctions, cold war changes and changes in South Asia have all influenced Pakistan's nuclear development direction. This paper reviews Pakistan's nuclear development process, mainly describes the different events in different periods in Pakistan, and its influence on the nuclear development process. From 1950s to 1960s, Pakistan began to develop civilian nuclear infrastructure. During this time, the United States has been working with India and Pakistan to sign the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. The third India-Pakistan War broke out in 1971, and East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) became independent from Pakistan. During the third India-Pakistan War, Pakistan realized that its so-called allies would not always be allies and that a balance of power in the South Asian subcontinent would require its own strength, Also aware of the importance of developing nuclear weapons, Pakistan began to develop nuclear weapons technology in the 1970s and 1990s. During the period, Pakistan's internal political turmoil. In the arms race with India, while Pakistan continues to develop nuclear technology, it is constantly changing its nuclear posture in response to changes in the international environment and the attitude of nuclear powers. Pakistan has exploded six nuclear devices in a row, marking Pakistan as a nuclear-weapon state.
【学位授予单位】：西华师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D815.2

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