共有利益与中国和平发展

发布时间：2018-05-05 01:18

本文选题：共有利益 + 国家利益的质量变化　；参考：《外交学院》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：2005年12月中国政府公布《中国的和平发展道路》白皮书，正式回应国际社会对其发展道路的种种猜测并具体解释中国发展的目的、方式以及结果：中国通过合作、自主、科学的方式，要实现自身以及世界共同利益，以建设和平繁荣的和谐世界。从此，中国政府表明为中国现代化建设必须要走和平发展道路，并进一步提倡“和谐世界”的政策理念，向世界说明中国所追求的理想的国际秩序以及其具体落实的方法。中国和平发展道路的宣布就表示，不但世界而且中国自身对“中国发展”的客观现实和其所带来的变化、影响以及结果有了新的认识,而中国与以往不同持着积极的态度与外部世界进行沟通为持续发展。然而，由于中国发展的过程还没有结束，还没有比较完备的实施经验作为分析依据，而中国国内外都仍在考验中国的和平发展。为此，笔者，从琢磨为何中国要和平发展道路以及如何和平发展的问题开始想找出如何验证其可行性和可信性问题的答案。中国作为自助理性的行为体，在以权力安排为中心的国际体系里，根据其权力地位追求国家利益，因而每个行为的基本动机就是追求国家利益，以提高其权力地位。中国自从改革开放与其他行为体进行合作，追求国家利益，而其发展和国家利益的增加会使得中国在国际体系里的权力地位上升。然而，由于世界已在制度规范的体系里相互依赖，中国追求国家利益，在有关制度规范的范围内要考虑其他合作方的攸关利益。中国和平发展宣布就意味着，中国认识到了其与其他国家和世界之间的相互关联性，并决定彻底调整其追求国家利益的方式。那关于为何中国要和平发展的问题，若能够证明中国通过进行合作，扩大其国家利益，并且用进行相应的政策调整来考虑其他合作方的利益，这可以回答。但中国在其他合作条件不确定的情况下不一定放弃追求其国家利益的最大化。因此，中国国家利益与制度规范之间的关联需要加以解释。为此，笔者借用国际机制的制约性以及建构性可以解释，中国通过参与国际机制，对其制度规范的共有观念予以认同，接受制度约束，进行合作，追求国家利益，而合作后中国不但得到其国家利益的增加还是获得新的身份认同。从此，可以发现中国在进行合作前后的国家利益上有了质量变化：合作前，中国的国家利益是由其权力地位决定的，然而，合作后，，除了合作利益的增添以外，认同以及制度约束等观念因素在其国家利益内。笔者，注重于国家利益的变化，运用一个“国家参与国际机制后发生的其合作利益的变量“，即共有利益作为理论假设.笔者认为，通过分析共有利益以及其与国家利益增进之间的关系，对中国和平发展的可行性可以提出客观、符合实际的新解释。再者，通过具体分析共有利益的增加与认同变化之间的相关性，还可以解释中国为了确保国家利益的持续增进，努力调整其身份认同而获得共有利益的增加，即世界对中国和平发展的可信度会增加。笔者基于国际关系三大理论以及先行研究的成果，运用“共有利益“的概念，通过观察中国参与国际核不扩散机制的行为，可以探索中国发展以及由此国际社会对中国的认同形成与变化过程，进而还可以对中国发展的性质和趋向加以分析与预测，能够验证中国和平发展的可行性和可信性。这样做，可以进一步解释自助的国家行为体主动地参与国际合作的原因——根据权力对国际机制以及国家利益的影响，可以解释国际机制内存在的不平等性和成员国之间共有利益的差距；利用国际机制的功能以及观念性因素对国家利益形成、变化的社会化进程，可以解释搭便车现象的存在和国家利益变化的过程，这样还可以在摆脱以权力为中心思考的前提下说明“施动性”所起的作用。
[Abstract]:In December 2005, the Chinese government published a white paper on the road to peaceful development in China. It formally responded to various guesses of the international community on its development and explained the purpose, the way and the result of China's development: through cooperation, autonomy and scientific methods, China should realize its own interests and the world's common interests to build a peaceful and prosperous harmony world. From then on, the Chinese government has shown that China must take the road of peace and development for the modernization of China, and further promote the policy concept of the "harmonious world", and explain to the world the ideal international order and its specific methods pursued by China. The announcement of the road to peace and development of China is not only the world but also China itself. The objective reality of "China's development" and its changes, effects and results have a new understanding, while China and the past have a positive attitude to communicate with the external world for continuous development. However, since the process of China's development has not yet ended, there is no more complete implementation experience as an analysis basis, and China At home and abroad, the peaceful development of China is still being tested. To this end, the author, from the question of why China wants peaceful development and how to develop peacefully, has begun to find out how to verify its feasibility and credibility.
As an actor of self-help rationality, China seeks national interests in an international system centered on power, and in accordance with its power status, the basic motive of each act is to pursue national interests and improve its power status. China has cooperated with other actors and pursued national interests since the reform and opening up and its development and country. The increase in the interests of the family will increase the power status of China in the international system. However, because the world has been interdependent in the system of institutional norms, China's pursuit of national interests and the interests of other partners in the scope of the relevant regulations should be considered. The interconnections between his country and the world and the way it has decided to thoroughly adjust its way of pursuing the interests of the country. That is why China's problem of peaceful development can be answered if it can prove China's cooperation, expand its national interests, and use corresponding policy adjustments to consider the interests of other partners. The relationship between national interests and institutional norms needs to be explained when other conditions of cooperation are uncertain. Therefore, the relationship between national interests and institutional norms needs to be explained. For this reason, the author borrows the restrictive and constructivism of the international mechanism to explain the common concept of China's institutional norms by participating in the international mechanism. It can be found that China has a quality change in its national interests before and after cooperation: before cooperation, China's national interests are determined by their power status before cooperation. However, in addition to the increase in cooperation interests, cooperation and other factors, such as institutional constraints, are in their national interests.
I pay attention to the change of national interests, the use of a "state to participate in the international mechanism of the cooperative interests of the variable", that is, the common interest as a theoretical hypothesis. I think, through the analysis of the common interests and its relationship with the promotion of national interests, the feasibility of China's peaceful development can be objective, in line with the reality. Furthermore, through a specific analysis of the correlation between the increase of common interests and the change of identity, it can also explain the increase in the common interest of China in order to ensure the sustained promotion of national interests and strive to adjust its identity, that is, the credibility of the world will increase for the peaceful development of China. The author is based on the international relations of three Dali. On the basis of the concept of "common interest" and the observation of China's participation in the international nuclear non-proliferation mechanism, we can explore the development of China and the process of the formation and change of the identity of the international community to China, and then analyze and predict the nature and trend of China's development, and can verify China. The feasibility and credibility of peaceful development can further explain the reasons for the active participation of self-help state actors in international cooperation - the impact of power on international mechanisms and national interests, which can explain the inequality within the international mechanism and the common interest gap between the member states; and the use of international mechanisms. It can explain the existence of the hitchhiking phenomenon and the process of the change of national interests, which can also explain the role of "the action" in the premise of getting rid of the thought of power as the center.

【学位授予单位】：外交学院
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D820

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