援越抗美与中越关系的演变

发布时间：2018-05-05 08:47

本文选题：援越抗美 + 中美关系　；参考：《南开大学》2010年博士论文

【摘要】：1979年11月20日,中国《人民日报》公布：“在越南抗美救国战争期间,中国向越南派出的防空、工程、铁道、后勤保障等支援部队先后总计达32万人,最高年份达17万余人。”这是第一次中国公开宣布中国军队援越抗美军事行动的情况。随着部分档案资料的开放和回忆材料的发表、研究的不断深入,中国援越抗美军事行动慢慢揭开了神秘的面目。中越之间由最初中国援助越南抗击法国殖民统治,其间中越同心协力抗击美国在越南的侵略行径,发展到逐渐走向疏远、甚至敌视。究其原因,很重要的一点在于国际冷战格局下中美苏三角关系变化的制约和影响。中国援越抗美军事行动的真相是什么,中国是如何作出向越南派遣支援部队决策的,中国支援部队究竟担负什么样使命?中美关系及中苏关系的变化对中越关系的发展为何具有决定意义? 本文试图借助中国抗美援越这样一个平台,梳理援越抗美决策的过程,探讨全力支持越南抗击美国的原因,考察中越关系由“同志加兄弟”般的亲密,发展到逐渐疏远、甚至对抗这一过程中美国、苏联等诸多的影响因素。通过这一研究,了解冷战时期亚洲国际关系的演变历程,以及这一时期中美、中苏、中越关系的变化,以求为正确认识当前世界格局,妥善处理好中美、中越乃至中俄关系提供一个历史参照。论文以中国援越抗美事件为切入点,以越南战争进程中中越关系的发展变化为主线,将问题集中于中美、中苏关系变化对中越关系的影响,坚持论从史出,从多学科的角度来研究这一问题。本文共分为3个部分。第一部分,绪论,包括选题意义、研究现状、研究方法、创新和不足之处。第二部分,中国援越抗美的过程与中越关系变化的演变历程。这一部分包括第一章到第四章的内容,是本论文分析阐述的重点。中国积极支持越南北方反抗美国侵略,中越在抗美战争中相互支持与合作,使双方关系获得了前所未有的巩固和发展,但是中越在战争中也有矛盾与分歧。中美关系因在越南的间接对抗一度严重对峙,但随着越南战争的推进却跌宕起伏。越南战争后期,随着国际上各种政治力量的分化重组,中美和解,联合抗苏,中国实际退出冷战,中国与越南关系呈现出恶化的前景,苏联则与越南结成盟友,转入与中国和美国抗衡的历程。第三部分,论文的结论部分。通过对中国援越抗美和中越关系演变的梳理,得出国家利益是处理国家战略关系的最高准则,对中国援越抗美军事行动进行了客观的评价,对中美、中越关系进行深层思考。
[Abstract]:On November 20, 1979, China's "People's Daily" announced: "during the Vietnam War against the United States and Salvation of the Nation, China sent to Vietnam a total of 320000 air defense, engineering, railway and logistical support units, with a maximum of more than 170000 in the year." This is the first time that China has publicly announced its military assistance to Vietnam against the United States. With the opening of some archives and the publication of recollection materials and the deepening of the research, the Chinese military action against the United States slowly uncovers the mystery. China and Vietnam initially assisted Vietnam to fight against French colonial rule, during which China and Vietnam made concerted efforts to resist American aggression in Vietnam, and gradually developed into alienation and even hostility. The reason lies in the restriction and influence of the change of the Sino-American-Soviet triangle under the international cold war. What is the truth of China's military action against Vietnam against the United States? how did China make the decision to send support troops to Vietnam? what is the mission of the Chinese support forces? Why are the changes in Sino-US relations and Sino-Soviet relations decisive to the development of Sino-Vietnamese relations? With the help of a platform such as China's anti-US assistance to Vietnam, this paper attempts to sort out the decision-making process of Vietnam's anti-US policy, to explore the reasons for fully supporting Vietnam's resistance to the United States, and to examine the development of Sino-Vietnamese relations from "gay and fraternal" intimacy to gradually estrangement. Even in the process of confrontation with the United States, the Soviet Union and many other factors. Through this study, we can understand the evolution of Asia's international relations during the Cold War and the changes in Sino-US, Sino-Soviet, and Sino-Vietnamese relations during this period, in order to correctly understand the current world pattern and properly handle the Sino-US relations. Sino-Vietnamese and even Sino-Russian relations provide a historical reference. Based on the incident of Chinese aid to Vietnam against the United States and the development and change of Sino-Vietnamese relations during the Vietnam War, the thesis focuses on the issues of China and the United States, and the influence of the changes in Sino-Soviet relations on the relations between China and Vietnam. The problem is studied from a multidisciplinary perspective. This paper is divided into three parts. The first part, introduction, including the significance of the topic, research status, research methods, innovation and deficiencies. In the second part, the course of China's aid to Vietnam and the evolution of Sino-Vietnamese relations. This part includes the first chapter to the fourth chapter, which is the focus of this paper. China actively supported the north of Vietnam to resist the American aggression, and China and Vietnam supported each other and cooperated in the war against the United States, which consolidated and developed the bilateral relations as never before, but there were contradictions and differences in the war between China and Vietnam. Relations between China and the United States over indirect confrontation in Vietnam once serious confrontation, but with the Vietnam War but ups and downs. In the latter part of the Vietnam War, with the division and reorganization of various political forces in the world, the reconciliation between China and the United States, the joint resistance to the Soviet Union, and China's actual withdrawal from the Cold War, China's relations with Vietnam showed a prospect of deterioration, while the Soviet Union became an ally with Vietnam. Into the process of competing with China and the United States. The third part, the conclusion of the paper. By combing the evolution of China's aid to Vietnam against the United States and the relations between China and Vietnam, this paper draws a conclusion that the national interest is the highest criterion for dealing with the national strategic relationship, and makes an objective evaluation of China's aid to Vietnam against the United States military action, and makes a deep reflection on the Sino-American and Sino-Vietnamese relations.
【学位授予单位】：南开大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D829

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