论俄罗斯公共外交对国家形象的塑造

发布时间：2018-05-06 07:26

本文选题：俄罗斯 + 公共外交　；参考：《河北师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：公共外交的概念最早起源于20世纪60年代的美国，随着全球化进程的不断加快，公共外交作为一种新型的外交形式逐渐兴起并日益发展。而国家形象则是一国对他国的政治、经济和文化等方面的总体评价，国家形象作为软实力的重要组成部分，努力塑造一个良好的国家形象对于每个国家都十分重要。在信息全球化的今天，国内外的公共舆论对一国外交决策的影响不断加大，公共外交在大国外交中显示出极其重要的作用，进而公共外交逐渐成为许多国家改善本国国家形象的一个重要的途径。苏联解体后，俄罗斯越来越注重对于本国公共外交和国家形象问题的研究。作为一个昔日的超级大国，苏联的解体，使俄罗斯的国家形象受到影响，进而使其在内政和外交上倍受打击。经历了解体初期的混乱和社会转型带来的困境，在进入21世纪后，俄罗斯开展了复兴强国的战略。一直以来，俄罗斯的国家形象是负面形象多于正面形象，这在欧美等西方国家表现的尤为明显。俄罗斯作为正在崛起中的大国对本国的国家形象非常重视，因此政府针对国家形象面临的困境，开展了多种形式的公共外交活动。本文通过对俄罗斯开展的一系列的公共外交活动的实践及其在改善国家形象的方面取得的效果进行分析研究，以期对同属崛起中的中国有所启示。本文共分为三个部分，对俄罗斯公共外交对其国家形象的塑造进行了系统论述。第一部分，主要对公共外交与国家形象进行理论概述。文章在界定了公共外交和国家形象的含义和特征的基础上，分析了两者之间的关系。一方面，公共外交有塑造与提升国家形象的作用，在全球化的今天，国家形象作为软实力的重要内涵越来越受到重视，各国多通过采取公共外交的方式来塑造本国的国家形象。另一方面，国家形象对公共外交也有反作用，良好的国家形象有利于公共外交更加有效的开展，而负面的国家形象则在一定程度上会对公共外交的实施产生阻碍。第二部分，着重分析了俄罗斯的公共外交对国家形象的塑造，，是本文的主体部分。该部分首先介绍了俄罗斯公共外交的总体发展状况，从中可以看出，俄罗斯的公共外交经历了起步阶段和不断发展两个阶段。其次，介绍了苏联解体20年来俄罗斯在国际社会中国家形象的演变和现实困境，俄罗斯的“妖魔化”和“俄罗斯威胁论”等都在丑化俄罗斯的国家形象，破坏俄罗斯的发展环境，开展公共外交塑造俄罗斯国家形象是时代的需求。最后，详细介绍了俄罗斯开展多种形式的公共外交塑造国家形象的实践，主要包括加强媒体对外传播，成立专门机构，广泛开展教育文化交流，举办大型国际活动和提供国际援助等。第三部分，对俄罗斯开展公共外交塑造国家形象的若干思考，是本文的落脚点。该部分首先分析了俄罗斯公共外交的优势，进而分析了开展公共外交塑造国家形象的效果。俄罗斯有着公共外交文化气息浓厚、名人效应显著等有利条件，各项公共外交的开展，总体来看对其国家形象的提升有着比较明显的作用，但应该注意的是在这一过程中存在着缺乏双向性的传播方式和国家形象定位尚待进一步明确等问题。上述对俄罗斯开展公共外交提升国家形象的个案分析和研究，对中国有着重要的启示，我国可以借鉴俄罗斯的经验，探讨我国开展公共外交的方式和具体措施，进而制定我国开展公共外交塑造国家形象的整体发展战略。
[Abstract]:The concept of public diplomacy originated in the United States of the 1960s. With the continuous acceleration of the process of globalization, public diplomacy is gradually rising and developing as a new form of diplomacy. The national image is a country's overall evaluation of the political, economic and cultural aspects of his country. The national image is an important group of soft power. As a part, it is important for every country to work hard to shape a good national image. In today's information globalization, the influence of public opinion at home and abroad on a country's diplomatic policy is increasing, and public diplomacy plays an extremely important role in the foreign affairs of a big country, and then public diplomacy has gradually become a country to improve its own country. An important way of image.
After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, Russia paid more and more attention to the study of national public diplomacy and national image. As a former superpower, the disintegration of the Soviet Union caused the Russian national image to be affected, and then made it hit by the internal and foreign affairs. Since twenty-first Century, Russia has carried out a strategy of rejuvenation of a powerful country. The image of Russia has been a negative image more than a positive image. This is particularly evident in western countries such as Europe and America. As a rising country, Russia is very heavy on its national image, so the government is facing the difficulties facing the image of the country, A variety of forms of public diplomacy have been carried out. Through the analysis and study of the practice of a series of public diplomatic activities in Russia and its effect on improving the image of the country, this article is intended to enlighten the rising China. This article is divided into three parts, and the Russian public diplomacy is to its national form. The shaping of the elephant has been systematically discussed.
On the basis of defining the meaning and characteristics of public diplomacy and national image, the article analyses the relationship between the two. On the one hand, the public diplomacy has the role of shaping and promoting the image of the country, and the national image is an important part of the soft power in the global today. On the other hand, the image of a good national image is beneficial to the public diplomacy, and the negative national image hinder the implementation of public diplomacy to a certain extent. Hindering.
The second part, focusing on the analysis of Russian public diplomacy to shape the image of the country, is the main part of this article. This part first introduces the general development of Russian public diplomacy. From it, it can be seen that Russian public diplomacy has experienced two stages of starting and continuous development. Secondly, it introduces the disintegration of the Soviet Union for 20 years. The evolution and realistic predicament of the Russian image of the Chinese in the international community, the Russian "demonized" and "the Russian threat theory" are all vilify the Russian national image, destroy the Russian development environment and develop the public diplomacy to shape the Russian national image as the requirement of the times. Finally, the Russian development of various forms is introduced in detail. The practice of shaping the image of the country by the type of public diplomacy mainly includes the strengthening of media communication, the establishment of specialized agencies, extensive educational and cultural exchanges, large international activities and international assistance.
In the third part, some thoughts about the Russian public diplomacy to shape the national image are the foothold of this article. This part first analyzes the advantages of Russian public diplomacy, and then analyzes the effect of developing public diplomacy to shape the national image. In general, the development of the public diplomacy has a significant effect on the promotion of its national image. However, it should be noted that there is a lack of two-way communication and the positioning of the national image in this process. It has an important revelation to China. Our country can learn from the Russian experience, explore the way and concrete measures to carry out public diplomacy in our country, and then formulate the overall development strategy of China's public diplomacy to shape the image of the country.

【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D851.2

【参考文献】