西安市福利院青少年同伴依恋特征：沙盘治疗效应研究

发布时间：2018-05-06 08:46

本文选题：福利院青少年 + 同伴依恋　；参考：《陕西师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：同伴依恋是个体在毕生的发展过程中与一些重要的他人建立起来的一种持续的、坚固的、深层的情感联结,这种情感上的联结对青少年的社会功能和人际关系有着及其重要的影响作用。在这种关系中,青少年双方互相拥有亲密的感受,并且相互给予对方理解与支持。对于青少年的人格发展以及社会性发展,拥有亲密的同伴依恋关系有着非常积极的影响。同伴已经成为青少年重要的依恋的对象。沙盘游戏治疗的主要要素是：一个按照比例制成的沙盘、沙子、水、各种类型的微缩模型,以及专业的沙盘治疗师。沙盘游戏治疗的基本条件是“安全、保护和自由”,沙盘游戏治疗的基本特征为“非言语”和“非指导”,结合以上共同达成沙盘游戏治疗和心理分析中“共情”、“感应”与“转化”的的综合性治愈效果。初始沙盘就是沙盘游戏者所做的第一个沙盘。初始沙盘在沙盘游戏治疗过程中有着非常特殊和重要的意义,它不仅仅能反映沙盘游戏者的存在的问题本质,同时还能够提供解决沙盘游戏者问题的线索和治愈方向。研究目的：本研究通过统计西安市福利院青少年与普通家庭青少年的同伴依恋水平及维度,以及两者差异程度,总结福利院青少年同伴依恋在同伴信任、同伴沟通以及同伴疏离维度上的特点。通过讨论初始沙盘在沙盘主题、使用沙具数量、沙盘空间利用、制作沙盘所用的时间、与陪伴者的互动情况、沙盘主题概括能力等几个方面的特征,与同伴依恋维度水平的关系,了解同伴依恋较低青少年的初始沙盘特征,以便更好的通过沙盘了解在福利院环境下同伴依恋水平较低青少年的心理特征。通过对福利院低同伴依恋水平青少年进行沙盘治疗的干预,观察沙盘治疗这一疗法对于提高福利院青少年同伴依恋水平的效果,并且对于沙盘疗法的治疗机制,转化核心进行探讨。进一步探求改善现有的不良情况的途径以及方法。研究方法：本研究采用《父母与同伴依恋问卷(IPPA—Inventory of parent and peer Attaehment)》中的《同伴依恋分量表》为测量工具,对30名福利院青少年和43名普通家庭青少年进行施测,通过独立样本t检验比较两组学生同伴依恋中信任、沟通、疏离三个维度的差异；研究者详细记录了30名福利院青少年的初始沙盘制作过程,并对不同指标进行分析总结,结合问卷测量的结果,得出初始沙盘特征与同伴依恋的三个维度的相关情况；研究采用随机实验组控制组后测设计,3名接受沙盘游戏治疗的低同伴依恋水平青少为实验组,另3名不接受任何治疗干预的低同伴依恋水平青少年为控制组,通过对两组沙盘特征和同伴依恋三个维度分数的差异性检验,来验证沙盘游戏治疗对于提高福利院青少年同伴依恋水平的有效性；通过陈述分析其中一名青少年的个体沙盘治疗过程,体现沙盘游戏治疗在提高同伴依恋水平时的心理变化过程。研究结果： (1)福利院青少年在同伴依恋的信任、沟通维度的得分比普通家庭青少年低,在疏离维度的得分比普通家庭青少年高,且差异均显著(P0.01) (2)沙盘游戏指标中的空间利用、沙具数量以及互动情况、主题表达,沙盘露蓝底以及治愈主题数与信任维度和沟通维度得分呈显著正相关(P0.01)；与疏离维度得分呈显著负相关(P0.01) (3)沙盘组与控制组后测相比较,在信任和沟通维度的得分较高,而在疏离维度得分较低,且均差异显著(P0.01)。沙盘组相比控制组,在空间利用和沙具数量上有显著的增多,创伤主题数量显著减少,治愈主题数量显著增多(P0.01)。研究结论： (1)福利院青少年同伴依恋特点：在同伴信任、沟通维度上显著低于普通家庭青少年,在同伴疏离维度上显著高于普通家庭青少年。 (2)福利院青少年初始沙盘特征的特征能够反映出被试的同伴依恋水平。 (3)低同伴依恋青少年经过沙盘游戏治疗后,无论沙盘作品特征还是同伴依恋得分都有显著提高。 (4)典型个案显示,沙盘治疗方法对于特殊问题的青少年具有良好的干预效果。
[Abstract]:Peer attachment is a kind of sustained , strong and deep emotional connection between the individual and some other important others during the development of life . In this relationship , there is a strong influence on the social function and interpersonal relationship of teenagers . In this relationship , the adolescents both have intimate feelings and mutual understanding and support .

The basic condition of the therapy of sand table games is " safety , protection and freedom " , the basic characteristics of the therapy of sand table games are " safety , protection and freedom " , the basic characteristics of the therapy are " non - verbal " and " non - directed " .

The purpose of this study is to study the characteristics of peer - to - peer attachment , peer - to - peer communication and peer - to - peer relationship among adolescents in the welfare home .

In this study , we studied the relationship of trust , communication and alienation among the students ' peer attachment in 30 welfare homes and 43 common families by means of independent sample t test .
The researchers recorded the initial sand production process of 30 children in the welfare homes , analyzed the different indexes , combined with the results of the questionnaire survey , and got the correlation between the characteristics of the initial sand table and the three dimensions of peer attachment ;
In this study , three different peer - to - peer attachment levels were studied in the experimental group and the other 3 patients without any treatment intervention were treated with the control group of the randomized experimental group . The other 3 patients who did not receive any treatment intervention were controlled by the control group .
This article analyses the course of the individual sand table treatment of one of the teenagers , and embodies the psychological change course of the treatment of the sand dish in the improvement of peer attachment level .

Results of the study :

( 1 ) The scores of trust and communication dimension among adolescents in welfare homes are lower than those of ordinary families , and the scores in the alienation dimension are higher than those in common families , and the difference is significant ( P0.01 ) .

( 2 ) The spatial utilization , the quantity of sand tools and the interaction , the expression of theme , the blue bottom of sand table and the number of healing themes were positively correlated with the scores of trust dimension and communication dimension ( P0.01 ) .
There was a negative correlation between the scores of alienation dimension ( P0.01 ) .

( 3 ) Compared with the control group , the scores of the trust and communication dimension were higher , and the scores were lower and the difference was significant ( P0.01 ) . Compared with the control group , there was a significant increase in the spatial utilization and the number of sand tools , the number of wound themes was significantly decreased , and the number of cure themes increased significantly ( P0.01 ) .

Conclusions of the study :

( 1 ) The characteristics of peer - to - peer attachment in welfare institutions : in peer trust , communication dimension is significantly lower than that of common family adolescents , which is significantly higher than that of ordinary families in the dimension of peer alienation .

( 2 ) The characteristics of the initial sand table characteristics of the young people in the welfare home can reflect the peer attachment level of the tested peer .

( 3 ) After the low peer attachment teenagers had been treated by the sand table games , both the characteristics of the disc and the scores of peer attachment were significantly improved .

( 4 ) Typical cases show that the treatment of sand table has a good effect on adolescents with special problems .

【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D844.2

【参考文献】