冷战后俄罗斯外交政策的东正教因素研究

发布时间：2018-05-11 02:13

本文选题：冷战后 + 宗教外交　；参考：《辽宁大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：宗教是影响外交的重要因素。伴随着经济全球化趋势的发展。宗教复兴和非政府间组织外交主体的兴起,宗教外交也迅速成为了全球化时代的一种新的外交形态。宗教外交的兴起逐渐使外交向更加社会化的方向发展,而宗教本身有其不妥协性,在教义核心思想本质上又具有不容混淆性,同时,外交过程又是一个有逻辑需要国家间博弈的舞台,因此宗教参与外交将会进一步增加外交的复杂性。尽管如此,宗教外交还是具有生命力和发展潜力的新的外交形态,必将对现代外交产生深远的影响。文章从宗教外交在国际舞台上的回归引入,辩证地分析了国际关系中宗教因素的巨大作用。宗教的作用不仅仅体现在规范人的道德层面和提升精神文化质量的范畴中,更是在国际安全、国际人权和国家间交流与合作方面发挥重大影响。第一部分从国家间关系的宗教因素入手,结合宗教的性质、特征和起作用的机制等方面,辩证地对宗教外交进行阐述,得出了其是国际关系中一把“双刃剑”的结论,一方面其在缓解国家间紧张关系、开展世界范围内的维和行动等方面的意义重大,另一方面,宗教极端主义事件频发,其造成的破坏后果严重且负面影响深远,关于宗教作用争议颇大,宗教课题的热度一直未减。第二部分对俄罗斯传统宗教的历史、发展及现状进行了研究。分别从政权伊始的古罗斯、沙皇俄国时期、苏联时期和冷战后这几个时间段进行,分析宗教在俄罗斯民族历史和国家政权以及外交层面中的角色,从而总结出其在冷战后得以复兴的深层次原因。这也与下一章东正教影响俄外交的根源和表现相互衔接。第三章以冷战后东正教的复兴之后的影响不断扩大为前提,加以国家当局出台的政策重视传统文化,东正教也积极介入到外交层面为逻辑顺序加以阐述,从参与东正教会的海外活动和配合国家外交这两个角度来分析东正教在冷战之后对俄罗斯外交的影响的根源。这也使俄罗斯外交开始重视自身“软实力”,积极利用自身优势拓展后苏联空间,整合全世界内的俄罗斯人。最后一部分主要聚焦在俄罗斯外交面临的困境和应对挑战的思考,东正教会与俄罗斯政府部门经历多次的有益实践,在整合世界俄罗斯人、拓展后苏联空间等问题上都有积极的影响,但宗教作为意识形态的一种表现方式,因其不妥协性和宗教解决问题范围自身的局限性,也会带来一定的负面效应,使俄罗斯外交面临一定的困境例如俄罗斯国际地位的日益边缘化,因宗教而产生的人权问题等等。要应对这种困境,就需要俄罗斯重新塑造“新俄罗斯形象”,软化固有的以军事、资源为依托的传统外交,结合东正教自身优势,建立有俄罗斯特色的“俄罗斯思想”,在世界范围内寻求合作和认同,同时,可以将外交合作的重心适当转向亚洲,从而在面对西方世界包围下,寻求自身的发展空间。
[Abstract]:Religion is an important factor influencing diplomacy. With the development of economic globalization. With the revival of religion and the rise of diplomatic subject of non-governmental organizations, religious diplomacy has rapidly become a new diplomatic form in the era of globalization. The rise of religious diplomacy has gradually made diplomacy more socialized, while religion itself has its intransigence, and the core ideology of the doctrine must not be confused, at the same time, The diplomatic process is also a stage in which there is a logical need for inter-state games, so religious participation in diplomacy will further increase the complexity of diplomacy. Nevertheless, religious diplomacy is a new diplomatic form with vitality and development potential, which will have a profound influence on modern diplomacy. From the regression of religious diplomacy on the international stage, this paper dialectically analyzes the great role of religious factors in international relations. The role of religion is not only reflected in regulating the moral level of human beings and improving the spiritual and cultural quality, but also in international security, international human rights and inter-state exchanges and cooperation. The first part begins with the religious factors of the inter-state relations, combines the nature, characteristics and working mechanism of religion, and dialectically expounds the religious diplomacy, and draws the conclusion that it is a "double-edged sword" in international relations. On the one hand, it is of great significance in easing tensions among States and in conducting peacekeeping operations worldwide, on the other hand, the frequent occurrence of religious extremism has serious and far-reaching negative consequences, There is much controversy about the role of religion, and the popularity of religious topics has not diminished. The second part studies the history, development and present situation of Russian traditional religion. From the ancient Ross period, the Czarist Russia period, the Soviet era and the post-Cold War period, respectively, to analyze the role of religion in the history of the Russian nation, the state power and the diplomatic level. Thus summed up the deep reasons for its revival after the cold war. This also links up with the roots and manifestations of the next chapter of Orthodox influence on Russian diplomacy. The third chapter takes the influence after the revival of the Orthodox Church after the Cold War as the premise, pays attention to the traditional culture by the policy issued by the national authorities, the Orthodox Church also actively involved in the diplomatic level for the logical sequence to be elaborated. From the perspective of participating in the overseas activities of the Orthodox Church and cooperating with the state diplomacy, this paper analyzes the causes of the influence of the Orthodox Church on Russian diplomacy after the Cold War. This also makes Russian diplomacy begin to attach importance to its own "soft power", actively use its advantages to expand the space of the post-Soviet Union, and integrate the Russians all over the world. The last part mainly focuses on the difficulties facing Russia's diplomacy and the thinking of dealing with the challenges. The Orthodox Church and the Russian government have experienced many useful practices in integrating the world's Russians. After the Soviet Union has expanded the space and other issues have a positive impact, but religion as a manifestation of ideology, because of its intransigence and the limitations of religious solutions to the problem itself, will also bring certain negative effects. Russian diplomacy is confronted with some difficulties, such as the increasing marginalization of Russia's international status, the human rights problems caused by religion and so on. To cope with this dilemma, it is necessary for Russia to remodel the "new Russian image," soften the inherent traditional diplomacy based on military and resources, and combine the advantages of the Orthodox Church itself to establish a "Russian thought" with Russian characteristics. At the same time, the focus of diplomatic cooperation can be appropriately shifted to Asia, so as to seek its own development space in the face of the western world.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D851.2

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