美国民主输出对中国大学生的影响及对策研究

发布时间：2018-05-12 12:16

本文选题：美国 + 民主输出　；参考：《电子科技大学》2017年博士论文

【摘要】：对外输出民主是美国外交政策的重要内容,被上升到美国国家战略的高度。冷战结束,美国对苏联模式的社会主义取得了全面胜利,使得美国的对外民主输出和霸权的野心进一步膨胀。冷战后,中国成为美国民主输出的主要对象。对世界上现存最大的社会主义国家输出其民主人权观念,改变中国的社会主义制度,实现美国霸权,这是美国对华战略的最终目标。美国把对华民主输出的目标放在中国青年一代,特别是青年大学生。研究美国对华民主输出,有着重大的理论意义和实践价值。在理论方面,研究美国对华民主输出,有利于破解应对美国对华民主输出的理论难题,丰富思想政治教育学科的研究领域,并掌握意识形态斗争的主动权。在实践方面,则有利于当代中国大学生认清美国民主输出的真面目,有利于在思想政治教育领域应对美国民主输出,并确保中国能够在没有硝烟的战场中立于不败之地。本文由绪论,正文五章和结论组成。第一章是绪论。本章探讨了选题的理论意义和实践价值,并对一些文中用到的基本概念,如民主、美国民主、民主输出等进行了界定。本章对目前国内外学界已有的关于本选题的研究进行了梳理,指出了已有研究的不足之处以及本论文的创新点。第二章主要论述了美国民主输出的理论与实践。《五月花号公约》签订,标志着美国民主思想的萌芽;独立战争胜利,使得美国民主思想进一步形成;美国联邦宪法的制定则意味着美国民主制度基本确立。美国对外民主输出有其独特的思想根源,如“天定命运”、“民主和平论”等,但是最根本的动机还是因为国家利益。美国对外输出民主的主要方式有示范式、强制式和渗透式。本章还梳理了美国自清教徒到达北美建立殖民地直至冷战后不同历史时期美国对外民主输出的情况。第三章回顾了美国自建国伊始到冷战后对中国的民主输出情况。美国对华民主输出,有着明显的政治、经济和文化意图。作者分析了美国对华民主输出的阶段以及民主输出的途径,指出美国在新的历史时期对华民主输出战略新变化。特别需要指出的是,在互联网时代,美国政府利用在“颜色革命”和“阿拉伯之春”的“成功”经验,将民主输出的重点放在输出对象的青年一代,把以手机、互联网为代表的新媒体作为民主输出的重要工具。美国对华民主输出给中国带来了巨大危害。但是目前,美国民主输出遭遇困境,主要是因为美国民主自身问题重重,又遭遇输出对象国强烈抵制,并且民主输出效果不佳。第四章利用调查问卷了解中国大学生的民主观。美国一直注重对中国青年的争夺,因此,了解中国青年,特别是中国青年大学生的民主观,对于我们掌握美国民主输出的手段、效果及应对策略,具有十分重要的意义。作者对所在城市的七所大学450名在校大学生进行了问卷调查,获得了当代大学生民主观念的第一手资料。将问卷输入SPSS后,从两个角度对问卷结果进行分析:第一,学生对每道题目的回答人数及百分比,从中窥见中国大学生民主观的总体情况;第二,对中国大学生民主观调查问卷中用定序尺度测量的35个变量做因子分析,得到大学生民主观6个维度的结果,构成当代中国大学生民主观结构方程模型。问卷调查所得到的数据反映出目前大学生民主观教育方面还存在一些问题。第五章论述了应对美国对华民主输出的理念、原则和内容。首先,作者论述了马克思主义民主观的主要内容。其次,作者分析了应对美国民主输出的一些基本理念。在美国加大对华民主输出力度的背景下,我们应该重视我国意识形态安全,坚定中国特色社会主义民主的“四个自信”,用历史教育青年。这样的历史,既包括中国共产党带领全国人民浴血奋斗最后走上社会主义道路的历史,也包括美国对中国一直以来采取封锁、孤立政策,对华进行民主渗透,企图“分化”、“西化”中国的历史。再次,本章论述了我们在面对美国民主输出时应该采取的原则,如“理论联系实际”、“一元主导与包容多样”、“教育和自我教育”以及“科学性与思想性相结合”等。最后,本章还论述了应对民主教育的内容,包括“进行马克思主义民主观教育”、“关于民主的基本理论教育”、“中国民主运行教育”以及“中美民主制度比较教育”等。第六章着重论述了“应对美国民主输出的方法、途径、载体”。应对美国民主输出的方法,既包括“日常思想政治工作方法”,也包括积极投身社会实践的方法,还有思想政治理论教育方法。此外,本章还论述了应对美国民主输出的途径和载体,指出在对外文化交流中要秉持中国的优秀文化传统,加强对国人特别是青年大学生的民主观教育,从而更加有效地应对美国对华民主输出。最后是结论。目前在全世界范围内,美国民主输出策略遭遇严重挫折,美国民主自身也是弊病丛生,美国对华民主输出的图谋注定会失败。但是美国不会轻易改变其对华民主输出的一贯政策。中美两国应该抛弃冷战思维,互相尊重,建立新型大国关系,才能让中美关系走上健康发展的轨道,开辟中美关系新篇章。
[Abstract]:Foreign export democracy is an important part of American foreign policy, which has been raised to the national strategy of the United States. At the end of the cold war, the United States has achieved a comprehensive victory over the socialist model of the Soviet Union, making the American foreign democratic output and hegemony more ambitious. After the cold war, China has become the main object of American democratic output. It is the ultimate goal of the United States to export its democratic human rights concept, change the socialist system of China and realize American hegemony. This is the ultimate goal of the US strategy for China. The United States puts the goal of the export of Democracy against China on the Chinese youth, especially the young college students. The study of the American democratic export to China has a great theoretical meaning. In theory, the study of American democratic export to China is conducive to solving the theoretical problems of American democratic export to China, enriching the research field of the subject of Ideological and political education, and grasping the initiative of ideological struggle. In practice, it is beneficial for Chinese college students to recognize the true face of American democratic output in practice. It is beneficial to deal with American democratic output in the field of Ideological and political education and ensure that China can be invincible in the field of no smoke. This article is made up of introduction, five chapters and conclusions. The first chapter is introduction. This chapter discusses the theoretical significance and practical value of the topic, and the basic concepts used in some of the articles, such as democracy, the United States Democracy, democratic output and so on are defined. This chapter combs the existing research on this topic at home and abroad, points out the shortcomings of the existing research and the innovation of this thesis. The second chapter mainly discusses the theory and practice of American democratic output. The May flower sign convention marks the democratic thought of the United States. The bud, the victory of the independence war, made the American democratic thought further formed; the formulation of the United States Federal Constitution means that the American democratic system is basically established. The American foreign democratic output has its own unique ideological roots, such as "the destiny of heaven", "the theory of democracy and peace", but the most fundamental motive is the national interest. The main ways of democracy are demonstrative, coercive and permeable. This chapter also combs the situation of American foreign democracy export to the United States since the pilgrims arrived in North America to establish colonies in North America until the cold war. The third chapter reviews the Democratic output of the United States to China from the beginning of the founding of the people's Republic to the post cold war. There are obvious political, economic and cultural intentions. The author analyses the stage of American democratic export to China and the way of democratic output, and points out the new changes in the US strategy for the export of democracy in the new historical period. It is particularly important to point out that in the Internet age, the American government uses the "Color Revolution" and "the Arabia spring". The successful experience has put the emphasis on the output of democracy to the young generation of the output object, and the new media represented by the mobile phone and the Internet as an important tool for democratic output. The American democratic export to China has brought great harm to China. But at present, the American democratic output is suffering from difficulties, mainly because of the problems of American democracy itself, and The fourth chapter makes use of the questionnaire to understand the democratic outlook of Chinese college students. The United States has always paid attention to the struggle for Chinese youth. Therefore, understanding the democratic view of Chinese young people, especially the Chinese young students, is the means, effect and response to our mastery of American democratic output. The strategy is of great significance. A questionnaire survey was conducted on 450 college students in seven universities in the city. The first hand information of the contemporary college students' democratic ideas was obtained. After the questionnaire was entered into SPSS, the results were analyzed from two angles. First, the number and percentage of the answers to each topic were from the students. To see the overall situation of the Chinese college students' view on democracy; second, to analyze the 35 variables measured by the order scale in the questionnaire of the Chinese college students' democratic outlook, to get the result of the 6 dimensions of the college students' view of democracy, and to form the structural equation model of the contemporary Chinese college students' view of democracy. The data obtained by the questionnaire survey reflect the present college students There are still some problems in the education of democracy. The fifth chapter discusses the ideas, principles and contents of the American democratic export to China. First, the author discusses the main contents of Marx's view of democracy. Secondly, the author analyses some basic ideas on the export of democracy in the United States. We should attach importance to our country's ideological security, strengthen the "four confidence" of the socialist democracy with Chinese characteristics, and educate the youth in history. This history includes the history of the Chinese Communist Party leading the National People's bloody struggle to the socialist road, as well as the United States' policy of isolating and isolating China from China. The chapter discusses the principles we should take in the face of American democratic output, such as "theory linked to reality", "one yuan leading and inclusive diversity", "education and self education" and "combination of science and thought". Finally, this chapter It also discusses the contents of democratic education, including "the education of Marx's concept of democracy", "basic theoretical education on democracy", "China's democratic operation education" and "Comparative Education of the Chinese and American democratic systems". The sixth chapter focuses on the "ways, ways and carriers" for the American people to deal with the American people. The method of main output includes not only the methods of daily ideological and political work, but also the methods of actively participating in social practice, as well as the methods of Ideological and political theory education. In addition, this chapter also discusses the ways and carriers to deal with American democratic output, and points out that China's excellent cultural tradition should be held in the foreign cultural exchange and the Chinese people should be strengthened. In the end, the American democratic export strategy has suffered serious setbacks, American democracy itself is also maladies, and America's democratic export to China is doomed to fail. But the United States will not easily change it. China and the United States should abandon the cold war thinking, respect each other and establish a new type of great power relations, so that China and the United States can make Sino US relations on the track of healthy development and open a new chapter in Sino US relations.

【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G641;D871.2

【参考文献】