俄罗斯对华政策中“俄罗斯世界”基金会的角色研究（2007-2013）

发布时间：2018-05-12 16:59

本文选题：“俄罗斯世界”基金会 + 俄罗斯文化外交　；参考：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：如今国家间的合作取决于对每一个特定国家的政治和经济特征的理解。当各国对他国所特有的文化和语言特性予以关注时,国家合作的效果会大为增强。上世纪90年代苏联解体后,俄罗斯面临着诸多国内问题,其中最严重的问题是经济动荡。俄罗斯致力于实现经济稳定,因此文化合作机构的创建和发展被搁置一旁。在2000年选举之后,新当选的普京总统宣布了国内外政策的新方针。自2004年以来,俄罗斯开始实施积极塑造海外形象的战略。俄罗斯为了组织富有成效的俄罗斯语言文化普及活动,于2007年创立了“俄罗斯世界”基金会。该组织旨在推广俄罗斯语言文化,并通过如下活动在国内外实施俄罗斯文化软实力:俄语中心和俄罗斯世界展厅、捐赠、教育项目、国际公共活动以及大众传媒项目。目前,全世界57个国家共有106个俄罗斯中心和140个俄罗斯世界展厅。对“俄罗斯世界”项目感兴趣的国家数量每年都在增加。中国作为俄罗斯首要的伙伴国家之一,在俄罗斯的多个领域的外交政策中占据特殊地位。因此,俄罗斯不仅在政治和经济关系上,而且在文化上也对发展同中国关系感兴趣。尽管中俄关系有数百年的历史,但存在很大的文化差异,所以两国不能简单地进行比较。语言与文化合作的高峰期发生在中华人民共和国成立之后。毛泽东主席在中国普及俄语和文化的努力非常成功,所以俄语甚至成了学校和机构的必修科目。不幸的是,在两国交恶以及文革开始之后,中国的外语学习不再盛行。直到1978年中国改革开放之后,两国的文化合作才得以重启。然而,俄罗斯的语言和文化在中国失去了主导的地位。为此,两国在1992、2001和2005年间签署了俄中文化合作协议,以期改变这种状况。在2007至2013年间,有7个俄罗斯中心和4个俄罗斯世界展厅在中国开始运营。俄罗斯同时向那些对俄罗斯语言和文化感兴趣的人提供了资金支持、国际节日、国际交换和教育的项目。本文主要研究的问题是,为什么俄罗斯致力于在中国建立“俄罗斯世界”基金会?本文的观点是:俄罗斯在中国建立“俄罗斯世界”基金会的原因在于这可以使两国的文化合作关系更加密切。这种合作将促进战略伙伴关系的进一步发展和中俄两国整体关系的逐步发展。本文研究的时间范围为,从2007年6月致力于在国内外推广俄罗斯语言和文化的“俄罗斯世界”基金会成立开始,到2013年11月的乌克兰危机为止。实现文化外交需要建立能够实施文化交流和传播语言文化的机构。这种行为给予国家塑造和强化国际形象的机会,有助于扭转政治或经济劣势下的外交关系。这种做法可以在欧洲各国的文化外交中找到,这些想法最初被作为巩固本国国际地位的方法而提出。法国在1883年建立的法语联盟是最早旨在推广本国文化和语言的机构。其他著名的机构有英国于1934年创立的英国文化协会和德国在1925年创立的歌德学院等。此类机构的创立表明,国家对软实力手段的发展及其实施感兴趣,并通过一个有前瞻性的方式——建立推广国家的语言文化以塑造国家积极形象的机构来实现。俄罗斯作为一个重视自身在国际舞台上所处地位的国家,不仅开始实施其硬实力,而且在发展和提升自身软实力。“俄罗斯世界”基金会的创立证明了俄罗斯对在苏联解体后恢复其在国外正面形象的兴趣。此外,俄罗斯首先看重与中国这一首要合作伙伴的关系。所以,加强对中国的文化影响,为今后的多元化合作打下基础,这一点对俄罗斯非常重要。目前的研究包括三章。第一章为序言,其中包括关于研究概述和研究使用的理论框架和简要的文献概述。这有助于更好地理解所选择的主题。第二章分析了“俄罗斯世界”基金会在俄罗斯公共外交中的作用。本章从解释俄罗斯公共外交的概念及其在俄罗斯外交政策中的作用开始,随后提供了有关“俄罗斯世界”基金会的主要活动及这些活动实施的区域特点的更详细的信息。第三章解释了“俄罗斯世界”基金会在中国的重要意义及其特点。为了更好的理解俄罗斯对与中国在文化领域进行合作的重视,我们从中俄文化关系的历史概况入手。随后,我们转向研究21世纪俄罗斯在“俄罗斯世界”基金会的帮助下对中国实施的文化外交的特殊性。
[Abstract]:Today, cooperation between countries depends on the understanding of the political and economic characteristics of each particular country. When countries pay attention to the cultural and linguistic characteristics of other countries, the effect of national cooperation will be greatly enhanced. After the disintegration of the Soviet Union in the 90s of last century, Russia faced many domestic problems, the most serious problem of which was the economy. After the 2000 election, the newly elected president Putin announced a new policy of domestic and foreign policies. Since 2004, Russia has begun to implement a strategy to build an overseas image actively. Russia is in order to organize fruitful Russia. The "Russian world" foundation was founded in 2007 by Ross's language and culture popularization. The organization aims to promote the Russian language and culture, and implements Russian cultural soft power through the following activities: the Russian Center and the Russian world exhibition hall, donations, education projects, international public activities and mass media projects. There are 106 Russian centers and 140 Russian world showrooms in the 57 countries of the world. The number of countries interested in the "Russian world" is increasing every year. As one of Russia's leading partner countries, China occupies a special position in the foreign policy of Russia. Therefore, Russia is not only in politics and in the world. Although China Russia relations have a history of hundreds of years, there are many cultural differences, so the two countries can not simply compare them. The peak period of language and cultural cooperation occurred after the establishment of People's Republic of China. President Mao Zedong popularized Russian and text in China. Unfortunately, Chinese language learning was no longer prevalent in the two countries and the beginning of the cultural revolution. The cultural cooperation between the two countries was restarted until the 1978 reform and opening up. In 19922001 and 2005, the two countries signed an agreement on Sino Russian cultural cooperation to change this situation. Between 2007 and 2013, 7 Russian centers and 4 Russian world showrooms started operating in China. Russia also provided financial support to those interested in Russian language and culture. The main question of this article is why Russia is committed to the establishment of the "Russian world" foundation in China? The reason for this is that Russia's establishment of the "Russian world" foundation in China is that it can make the cultural cooperation of the two countries closer. To promote the further development of the strategic partnership and the gradual development of the overall relationship between China and Russia, the time range of this study is to establish the cultural diplomacy needs to be established from the beginning of the founding of the Russian World Foundation of the Russian language and culture at home and abroad in June 2007 and the Ukraine crisis in November 2013. Institutions capable of carrying out cultural exchanges and disseminate language and culture give the opportunity to shape and strengthen the international image of the state and help to reverse diplomatic relations under political or economic disadvantages. This approach can be found in the cultural diplomacy of European countries, which were originally proposed as a way to consolidate their international status. France's French Alliance, established in 1883, is the first institution to promote the culture and language of its own country. Other famous institutions, such as the British Cultural Association founded in 1934 by the United Kingdom and the Gerd institute founded in Germany in 1925, have shown that the state is interested in the development and implementation of the means of soft power and through a A forward-looking approach - the establishment of an organization that promotes the language and culture of the country to shape the positive image of the country. As a country that attaches importance to its position on the international stage, Russia not only begins to implement its hard power, but also develops and promotes its own soft power. The founding of the "Russian world" foundation has proved that Russia is interested in restoring its positive image abroad after the disintegration of the Soviet Union. In addition, Russia attaches great importance to the relationship with China, a primary partner. Therefore, it is very important for Russia to strengthen its cultural impact on China and to lay a foundation for future pluralism. The present study includes three chapters. The first chapter is the preface. The second chapter analyzes the role of the "Russian world" foundation in Russian public diplomacy. This chapter explains the concept of Russian public diplomacy and its foreign policy in Russia. The third chapter explains the significance and characteristics of the "Russian world" foundation in China in order to better understand Russia's cooperation with China in the cultural field. Look, we start with the history of Chinese and Russian cultural relations. Then, we turn to the particularity of the cultural diplomacy carried out by Russia in twenty-first Century under the help of the Russian World Foundation.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D822.351.2

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