二战后美国在东南亚的人道主义援助研究

发布时间：2018-05-13 14:50

本文选题：美国 + 东南亚　；参考：《云南大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：美国是国际社会人道主义援助的重要国家。美国国会在1961年就通过了《对外援助法》。同时,美国政府建立了一个长期的人道主义援助机制。美国国会、国务院和白宫对援助有一个政策指导的作用,而主要负责实施国际人道主义援助的机构包括：美国国际开发计划署和对外灾难救援办公室。而美国防部同样是美国对外人道主义援助的重要参与力量。本文主要阐述了美国在东南亚的人道主义援助。冷战时期,美国的人道主义援助,主要是出于对抗的需要,也包括对人道主义精神的尊重,例如,美国安置印支难民；冷战后,美国政府保持了对该地区的长期的人道主义关注,特别是进入21世纪,美国政府参与印尼海啸和缅甸风灾等人道主义援助,都是美国政府在该地区人道主义援助的突出表现。从美国对东南亚所提供的人道主义援助中,可以看出,美国政府对该地区的援助总是免不了带有一些政治利益的考虑。美国是在通过人道主义援助强化美国的“软实力”,是带有政治色彩的援助行为。美国政府的人道主义援助不仅对受援国产生了一些积极成果,例如,稳定地区因灾害造成的不稳定；而且,这也有利于美国在该地区的一些政治目标的实现,如美国国家形象的提升和政治影响力的强化。当然,在援助中免不了有一些合作方面的问题。总体而言,美国对东南亚提供具有双赢意义的人道主义援助。由于美国是完善的法治国家,美国政府在法律和政策的支持下,形成了一套较为成熟的人道主义援助机制,从政策的制定到具体的救援执行保持了一致性。美国政府很好的利用了人道主义援助这一柔性手段,一定程度上达到了提升国际形象、维持在东南亚的政治影响力和军事影响力的目标。而其中的一些经验也对中国在该地区的人道主义有启发意义。本文主要就美国在东南亚的人道主义援助整体情况,以及所提供的人道主义援助带来的成效和作用等问题进行了初步探讨。
[Abstract]:The United States is an important humanitarian aid country in the international community. The United States Congress passed the Foreign Aid Act in 1961. At the same time, the US government has established a long-term humanitarian aid mechanism. Congress, the State Department and the White House have a policy role to guide aid, and agencies that are primarily responsible for implementing international humanitarian aid include the United States Agency for International Development and the Office for external disaster Relief. The Defense Department is also an important part of U.S. foreign humanitarian aid. This paper mainly expounds the humanitarian aid of the United States in Southeast Asia. During the Cold War, the United States' humanitarian assistance, mainly out of the need of confrontation, also included respect for the humanitarian spirit, for example, the United States resettled Indo-Chinese refugees; after the cold war, The U.S. government has maintained its long-term humanitarian concern in the region, especially in the 21st century, when the United States government participated in humanitarian aid such as the tsunami in Indonesia and the cyclone in Myanmar, all of which are prominent manifestations of the humanitarian aid provided by the United States government in the region. From the humanitarian aid provided by the United States to Southeast Asia, it can be seen that the United States Government's aid to the region has always been taken into account with some political interest. The United States is strengthening its "soft power" through humanitarian aid, and it is a political aid act. The humanitarian assistance of the United States Government has not only produced some positive results for the recipient countries, such as the instability caused by disasters in the stabilization areas; it has also contributed to the achievement of some of the political objectives of the United States in the region, For example, the national image of the United States and the strengthening of political influence. There are, of course, some problems with cooperation in aid. Overall, the United States provides a win-win humanitarian aid to Southeast Asia. Because the United States is a perfect country under the rule of law, under the support of laws and policies, the United States government has formed a more mature humanitarian aid mechanism, from the policy formulation to the specific rescue implementation to maintain consistency. The United States government has made good use of the flexible means of humanitarian aid, to a certain extent, has achieved the goal of raising the international image and maintaining the political and military influence in Southeast Asia. Some of these lessons are instructive for China's humanitarianism in the region. This paper mainly discusses the overall situation of American humanitarian aid in Southeast Asia and the effect and effect of the humanitarian aid provided.
【学位授予单位】：云南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D871.2

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