美国宗教问题安全化战略及其对中美关系的影响

发布时间：2018-05-13 15:36

本文选题：安全化 + 宗教自由　；参考：《同济大学学报(社会科学版)》2017年04期

【摘要】："安全化"的分析框架提出了一种安全研究的新逻辑,这样的逻辑认为:安全应被理解为一个"主体间"互动的过程。更重要的是,"安全化"可以为掌握安全话语的施动者"把某个问题作为享有最高优先权的问题提出,并借此宣称某种需要或者权力须以超出常规的方式加以应对"提供了学理上的依据。冷战结束后,美国在战略层面推进了宗教问题安全化以在世界范围内实践其"扩展民主"的战略利益,这使得宗教问题一度成为中美关系安全议程中的核心议题。在此背景下,美国是安全化的动议者,可以将任意"指涉对象"面临的存在性威胁进行安全化的"渲染",而中国则被视为所谓的"指涉对象"。当中国被美国"渲染"为"威胁代理"的时候,中国采取了"去安全化"的应对;而当美国"渲染"为被宗教恐怖主义所威胁的"指涉对象"的时候,中国采取了"选择性安全化"的做法。在此过程中,虽然美国将宗教问题安全化的战略在冷战结束初期有助于其对内凝聚共识、对外扩展利益,但是随着该项战略的推进,将宗教问题安全化的做法更多表现出了其内在的战略缺陷和学理困境。
[Abstract]:A new logic of security research is proposed in the framework of "securitization", which holds that security should be understood as a process of interaction between subjects. More importantly, "securitization" can raise a problem as a matter of the highest priority for the actors who master the security discourse. The claim that a certain need or power must be dealt with in an unconventional manner provides a theoretical basis. After the end of the Cold War, the United States promoted the security of religious issues on a strategic level in order to practice its strategic interests of "expanding democracy" in the world, which made religious issues once the core issue in the security agenda of Sino-US relations. In this context, the United States is a security mover, it can "exaggerate" the existential threat to any "target", while China is regarded as the so-called "target". When China is "portrayed" by the United States as a "threat agent", China takes a "de-securitized" response, while the United States "exaggerates" as a "target" threatened by religious terrorism. China has adopted a "selective security" approach. In the process, although the United States' strategy to secure religious issues in the early stages of the Cold War helped it to forge consensus at home and expand its interests abroad, with the advance of the strategy, The practice of making religious issues safe shows its inherent strategic defects and theoretical dilemmas.
【作者单位】：同济大学政治与国际关系学院;
【基金】：同济大学中央高校基本科研业务费2017年度马克思主义理论研究与建设工程项目“当代中国宗教与国家安全话语体系的演变及其逻辑”(项目编号:0703219069)
【分类号】：D822.371.2

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