苏俄时期外交战略研究

发布时间：2018-05-14 07:54

本文选题：苏俄时期 + 外交战略　；参考：《黑龙江省社会科学院》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：本研究的定位在于提炼分析苏俄时期外交战略的构成要素,挖掘影响这一外交战略形成的理论、思想及文化传统,考察这一战略在苏俄建立初期外交实践中的积极作用与不足,并评析其对后来苏联外交战略的影响。本论文以马克思的历史唯物主义和辩证唯物主义思想为指导,综合运用历史分析方法、外交战略要素分析方法、归纳分析方法等方法对苏俄当时所处的国际环境进行客观分析之后,系统考察了苏俄时期外交战略的思想基础、核心要素及其体现出的重要特征。论文主要分四个部分：第一部分,首先对苏俄诞生初期的国际环境和革命形势进行了全面地背景分析,指出战后国际格局的不稳定态势,突出了战争与革命的时代主题。而后将视线投射到苏维埃俄国本身,分析了苏维埃革命政权的战略实力,明确了国际局势对于苏维埃政权的挑战与机遇。第二部分,分析了影响苏俄时期外交战略形成的观念因素,既包括马克思主义意识形态的因素,也吸收了俄国传统外交战略的精髓,更主要的是受到列宁在新形势下对苏俄外交的总体思考的影响。影响外交战略形成的三个直接来源是：社会主义革命“一国胜利”论思想、和平共处外交战略思想以及俄国外交战略历史传统。第三部分,按照外交战略的分析要求,对外交战略的各个构成要素进行了针对性的考察。苏俄国际角色定位经历了从国际无产阶级革命的“先锋队”到面向各国无产阶级和革命力量的“引导者”以及能与资本主义国家共同发展经济利益的“和平共生者”的转化；苏俄由主要追求苏俄的革命利益转而寻求国家利益和革命利益同步发展,逐步确立了“确保国家安全、发展与资本主义国家的和平共处关系”的外交战略目标；苏俄的外交战略实现手段主要包括以意识形态为主导的革命外交、发挥俄国地理空间优势的地缘外交、以经济手段促进政治关系的经济外交和利用矛盾突破封锁的大国外交。第四部分,对苏俄时期的外交战略给予综合评析。认为这一战略具有“从放任的革命化风格趋向统一计划的务实风格”、“兼顾国家发展和国际革命的二元化倾向”、“外交战略实现手段趋于丰富、灵活”等一系列突出特征。苏俄时期的外交战略是时代的产物,它对苏俄时期外交环境的构筑产生了巨大作用。同时,也存在某些弊端,在当时和后世都留下了一定的负面影响。对于它的历史地位,我们应本着实事求是的马克思主义原则,对其进行一分为二地客观分析与评价。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this study is to refine and analyze the elements of Soviet Russia's diplomatic strategy, dig out the theories, ideas and cultural traditions that influence the formation of the diplomatic strategy, and investigate the positive role and deficiency of this strategy in the diplomatic practice of Soviet Russia in the early stage of its establishment. And analyzes its later Soviet diplomatic strategy of influence. Under the guidance of Marx's historical materialism and dialectical materialism, this paper synthetically applies the historical analysis method and the diplomatic strategic elements analysis method. After an objective analysis of the international environment of Soviet Russia at that time, the ideological basis, the core elements and the important characteristics of the diplomatic strategy of Soviet Russia were systematically investigated. The thesis is divided into four parts: In the first part, the author analyzes the international environment and the revolutionary situation in the early stage of Soviet Russia, points out the unstable situation of the postwar international structure, and highlights the theme of the era of war and revolution. Then, the author focused his attention on the Soviet Russia itself, analyzed the strategic strength of the Soviet revolutionary regime, and made clear the challenge and opportunity of the international situation to the Soviet regime. In the second part, the author analyzes the conceptual factors that influence the formation of Soviet diplomatic strategy, including Marxist ideology and the essence of Russian traditional diplomatic strategy. More importantly, Lenin was influenced by Lenin's overall thinking on Soviet Russian diplomacy in the new situation. The three direct sources influencing the formation of diplomatic strategy are: the theory of "one country victory" of socialist revolution, the diplomatic strategic thought of peaceful coexistence and the historical tradition of Russian diplomatic strategy. The third part, according to the diplomatic strategy analysis request, has carried on the pertinence inspection to the diplomatic strategy each constituent factor. Soviet Russia's international role orientation has experienced the transformation from "vanguard" of international proletarian revolution to "guide" facing proletariat and revolutionary forces of various countries and to "peaceful symbionists" who can jointly develop economic interests with capitalist countries. The Soviet Union gradually established the diplomatic strategic goal of "ensuring national security and developing peaceful coexistence with capitalist countries" by mainly pursuing the revolutionary interests of Soviet Russia and seeking the simultaneous development of national interests and revolutionary interests. The means of realizing Soviet Russia's diplomatic strategy mainly include revolutionary diplomacy dominated by ideology, geopolitical diplomacy with the advantage of Russia's geographical space, economic diplomacy with economic means to promote political relations and the diplomacy of great powers that use contradictions to break through the blockade. The fourth part, gives the comprehensive appraisal to the Soviet Russia period diplomatic strategy. This strategy has a series of outstanding characteristics, such as "from the laissez-faire revolutionary style to the unified plan", "to give consideration to the dual tendency of national development and international revolution", and "the means of realizing diplomatic strategy tend to be rich and flexible". The diplomatic strategy of Soviet Russia was the product of the times, and it played a great role in the construction of diplomatic environment in Soviet Russia. At the same time, there are some drawbacks, at that time and later generations have left a certain negative impact. With regard to its historical status, we should objectively analyze and evaluate it in two places in line with the Marxist principle of seeking truth from facts.
【学位授予单位】：黑龙江省社会科学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D851.2

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