哥伦比亚与中国的外交关系（1980-2010）：中国和拉美的非对称关系

发布时间：2018-05-14 09:37

本文选题：不对称 + 领导权　；参考：《吉林大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 作为对中国和哥伦比亚非对称关系的陈述,我认为由于在生产能力等方面有差距,中哥两国的贸易关系是不对称的,这体现在了两国贸易差额的演进过程中:自1990年代以来,哥伦比亚从中国进口的产品已经超过了哥伦比亚对中国的出口量。两国政府积极发展双边贸易,相互出口上都有了巨大的增长,但目前哥伦比亚在与中国的贸易中还是存在着巨大的赤字。由于两国在发展水平上存有差距,这种状况在近期还难以改变,中国在贸易中处于强势地位,哥伦比亚相对处于弱势。不仅如此,哥伦比亚至今没有一种能在中国市场大量销售的产品,而许多其他拉美国家具备了这种能力并扭转了与中国贸易过程中的不对称局面。在此条件下,我希望解决的主要问题就是哥伦比亚在生产能力与中国相比十分有限的情况下可以在多大程度上扭转与对华贸易的这种逆差局面。我最关注的乃是哥伦比亚增加对中国出口的可能性大小,因此我安排了以下假设:为减少与中国贸易中的赤字,哥伦比亚在对华的商品销售中应关注于那些战略性内陆省份:这些省份与哥伦比亚的生产能力差距较沿海发达省份来说相对较小,并且可以作为哥伦比亚商品的潜在市场。事实上,本文的主要目的就是检验这些假设是否可行。另外,我们认为由于近来特别是这十年来中国在相关区域的“领导权”的增强,已经存在有促进双方合作和进入中国市场的相关重要机制。第一章的内容包含了理论框架的构建和对1949—2010年间中国—拉美关系的介绍。对中哥贸易关系发展史的解读建立在“不对称”理论和上文所提到的布兰德利·沃麦克教授所提出的“领导权”理论。我将解释两国关系中存在的不对等差距以及它们产生的原因。接下来,我会仔细的分析中国在拉丁美洲的“领导权”的建立以及与相关国家的交涉,例如巴西、智利、阿根廷、墨西哥和委内瑞拉等,它们都可以被视为中国在该地区的战略伙伴。在第二章中,为了更好的理解中国在哥伦比亚的相关活动,我分析了1980—2010年间双方贸易的发展情况。我描绘了历史上双方交易的主要货物,试图以此来寻找哥伦比亚在中国市场上稳定且具有潜力的畅销产品。此外我还分析了双方的贸易差额,勾勒出了我在前面理论框架中所提出的两国在经济和生产能力方面的差异。接着,我将注意力放在中国对哥伦比亚的直接投资上,并试着去寻找这些投资的集中领域在哪里以及中国的外商直接投资在哥伦比亚所占的份额。第三章是本文的中心章节,对中哥贸易关系进行细致的分析。在章节3.1中,我将中哥两国自1980年以来外交关系的发展进行了介绍。在章节3.2中,通过调查两国在进出口领域所各占的份额、两国公司在对方国内的发展情况以及慈善捐助乃至教育交流计划等方面的情况,我希望判断出双方对于彼此的重视程度。作为哥伦比亚政府的一个杰出成就和中国政府自信态势的反映,2009年在波哥大召开的第二届中国—拉美经贸年会促进了哥伦比亚境内中国跨国公司的发展。章节3.3主要介绍了影响两国贸易的各种限制和阻碍,这其中主要的就是由于中哥两国贸易的不对称性所催生的哥伦比亚政府对华商品的反倾销法案。为了解释两国在双边框架之上的贸易关系,我将中国与美国、西班牙和日本进行了对比,这其中考虑的因素包括直接投资、贸易差额和最主要的进口与出口商品。我选择美国因为它是哥伦比亚最主要的贸易伙伴,在直接投资方面领域也是占据首要位置;在2008年世界金融危机之前,西班牙对哥伦比亚的外国直接投资量居于第二,而且由于它是哥伦比亚的前殖民宗主国,西班牙同样是哥伦比亚的重要贸易伙伴;在最后一个案例中,我选择了日本,因为它是亚洲最大的经济体,是中国在亚欧大陆上最最要的贸易伙伴,而且日本在世界上也是仅次于美国的经济强国。我所进行的这些对比有两个目标:一、研究哥伦比亚与其它这些国家的贸易关系是否也是非对称性的;二、找出哥伦比亚与中国的贸易同它与世界其它主要国家的贸易之间的相同点和不同之处。加入亚太经济合作论坛有助于巩固中哥关系,而且由于同作为多边经济组织的一员,两国的不对称性也许会相对减少,因此第四章将分析中国在此问题上的立场。基于对两国贸易关系的分析,我认为两国有签署自由贸易协定的可能。我将进而分析该假设的可行性,分析哥伦比亚与中国各省的经济走向,包括地区生产总产值、进出口量、主要的进出口货物以及对外直接投资等等。通过这种方法,我希望调查两国生产能力的不对称性在地区层面上是否也会像在全国层面上那样坚不可摧,并进而判断哥伦比亚各省是否有机会战胜这种不对称性。
[Abstract]:As a statement of the asymmetrical relationship between China and Columbia, I think the trade relations between the two countries are asymmetrical because of the gap in production capacity. This is reflected in the evolution of the trade gap between the two countries: since 1990s, Columbia's imports from China have exceeded Columbia's export to China. There is a huge growth in the bilateral trade between the two governments, but there is still a huge deficit in Columbia's trade with China. Because there is a gap in the level of development between the two countries, this situation is still difficult to change in the near future. China is in a strong position in trade, and Columbia is in a relative position. Not only that, but so far, Columbia has not been able to sell a lot of products in the Chinese market, but many other Latin American countries have the ability to reverse the asymmetry in the process of trade with China.
Under this condition, the main problem I want to solve is how far Columbia can reverse the balance of trade with China in the very limited case of production capacity compared with China. What I am most concerned about is the possibility of increasing the possibility of Columbia's export to China, so I have arranged the following hypothesis: to reduce With China's trade deficit, Columbia's commodity sales to China should be focused on strategic inland provinces: the gap between the provinces and Columbia is relatively smaller than the developed coastal provinces and can be a potential market for Columbia goods. In fact, the main purpose of this article is to test these counterfeits. In addition, we believe that there have been important mechanisms for promoting cooperation and entering the Chinese market because of the recent increase in the "leadership" in the relevant regions, especially in the past ten years.
The first chapter contains the construction of the theoretical framework and the introduction of China Latin American relations between 1949 and 2010. The interpretation of the history of Sino brother's trade relations is based on the "asymmetry" theory and the "leadership" theory proposed by Professor Bradley Womack mentioned above. I will explain the misalignment of the relations in the two countries. Next, I will carefully analyze the establishment of China's "leadership" in Latin America and the negotiations with other countries, such as Brazil, Chile, Argentina, Mexico and Venezuela, all of which can be regarded as China's strategic partners in the region.
In the second chapter, in order to better understand the related activities of China in Columbia, I analyzed the development of bilateral trade between the two countries during the period of 1980 to 2010. I described the major goods traded in the history between the two sides, trying to find the stable and latent best-selling products of Columbia in the Chinese market. In addition, I also analyzed the two sides. The trade gap outlines the economic and productive differences that I put forward in the previous theoretical framework. Then, I focus on China's direct investment in Columbia, and try to find out where the focus of these investments is and the share of China's foreign direct investment in Columbia.
In the third chapter, the central section of this article is a detailed analysis of the trade relations between China and the two countries. In Chapter 3.1, I introduced the development of the diplomatic relations between China and the two countries since 1980. In section 3., we investigated the share of the two countries in the import and export areas, the development of the two countries in the other country and the charity contribution. In the context of the educational exchange program, I hope to judge the importance of both sides to each other. As an outstanding achievement of the Columbia government and the reflection of the confidence of the Chinese government, the second China Latin American economic and trade annual meeting held in Bogota in 2009 has promoted the development of Chinese Transnational Corporations in Columbia. 3.3 mainly introduces the various restrictions and obstacles that affect the trade between the two countries. This is mainly due to the antidumping act of the government of the Columbia government on China's commodities caused by the asymmetry of the trade between the two countries. In order to explain the bilateral trade relations on the bilateral framework, I compare China with the United States, Spain and Japan. The factors that are considered include direct investment, trade balance and the most important import and export commodities. I choose the United States, because it is the most important trading partner in Columbia, and is the first place in direct investment; before the 2008 world financial crisis, the foreign direct investment in Columbia was in the first place. Two, and because it is a former colonial master of Columbia, Spain is also an important trading partner in Columbia; in the last case, I chose Japan, because it is the largest economy in Asia, the most important trading partner in Asia and Europe, and Japan is also the second only to the United States in the world. These comparisons have two objectives: one is to study whether the trade relations between Columbia and other countries are asymmetrical; two, find out the similarities and differences between Columbia's trade with China and its trade with other major countries in the world.
Joining the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation Forum will help to consolidate the relationship between the two countries, and the fourth chapter will analyze China's position on this issue because of the same as a member of the multilateral economic organization, so the position of China on this issue will be analyzed. Based on the analysis of the trade relations between the two countries, I think the two countries have the possibility of signing a free trade agreement. Then it will analyze the feasibility of the hypothesis and analyze the economic trend of Columbia and China's provinces, including the total output value, import and export volume, main import and export goods and foreign direct investment, etc. through this method, I hope to investigate whether the misalignment of the productive capacity of the two countries will be at the national level as well. As indestructible as it is, and then to judge whether Columbia's provinces have the chance to overcome this asymmetry.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D829.77

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