1945-1949年中国第三方面与美国关系研究

发布时间：2018-05-14 12:54

本文选题：美国对华政策 + 第三方面　；参考：《中共北京市委党校》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：1945年抗日战争胜利后，中国走到了十字路口。这是国共的决战时刻，也是中国各种社会力量的抉择时刻。美国的对华政策影响着中国政局的走向。从自身利益出发，美国选择了扶持国民党政府建立亲美政权。但蒋介石的专制独裁成为美国施行既定策略的重大障碍，所以美国除了希望通过调停使共产党放弃武器之外，自始至终都一直在争取中国另一重要政治势力——第三方面的支持，从而以“自由”、“民主”改善国民党政府恶劣的形象，挽救即将崩塌的蒋介石政权。战后迅速崛起的位于国共两党之间的中国第三方面势力，成为国共天平上最重要的砝码。他们主要由知名知识分子或工商界人士组成，，以中立、客观的形象左右着中国广大中间阶层的舆论风向。他们对美国的认识随着时局的发展不断变化。占据中国第三大党地位的第三方面最初对美国进入中国是比较欢迎并充满期待的；然后逐渐演变为对美国的质疑和批评，但依然抱有幻想；直到被迫解散，才真正认清了美国对华政策的本质，义无反顾的转向了新民主主义道路。而作为独立个体存在的“新”第三方面——自由主义知识分子，在战后初期就窥破了美国在华的真正用意；虽然这些自由主义知识分子深爱着发达的美国，但浓烈的民族主义情绪支配着他们用笔杆子无情的揭露和批判美国在华的所作所为；他们痛恨美国的干涉，没有成为美国寄望的国民党政权的救命稻草；最终，他们也接受了中国政权的更迭。美国对中国第三方面的政策最终失败了，第三方面也被前进的时代大潮所淹没。知识分子和美国的关系既是历史的问题，也是现实的问题。通过对这段历史的回顾与分析，希望能给当代的知识分子阶层一些有益的启示。
[Abstract]:After the victory of the anti-Japanese war in 1945, China reached a crossroads. This is the decisive moment of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, but also the choice of various social forces in China. America's China policy affects the trend of China's political situation. In its own interest, the United States chose to support the Kuomintang government to establish a pro-American regime. But Jiang Jieshi's autocratic dictatorship has become a major obstacle to the implementation of America's established strategy, so the United States, in addition to mediating the Communists to give up their weapons, From beginning to end, it has been winning the support of another important political force in China, the third party, so as to improve the bad image of the Kuomintang government with "freedom" and "democracy" and save the impending collapse of the Jiang Jieshi regime. The rapid postwar rise of China's third-party power between the KMT and the CCP has become the most important weight in the balance of the KMT and the CCP. They are mainly made up of well-known intellectuals or business people, with a neutral and objective image to influence the trend of public opinion of the broad middle class in China. Their understanding of the United States changed with the development of the times. The third party, which occupies China's third largest party, initially welcomed and looked forward to the entry of the United States into China; then it gradually turned into a question and criticism of the United States, but remained under illusions until it was forced to disband. Only when the essence of America's China policy was recognized, did he turn to the new democratic road. As an independent individual, the third aspect of "new" liberalism intellectuals, the liberal intellectuals, caught a glimpse of the true intentions of the United States in China in the early post-war period, although these liberal intellectuals deeply loved the developed United States. However, the strong nationalist sentiment dominated them in exposing and criticizing the US actions in China mercilessly; they hated American interference and did not become the lifeline of the Kuomintang regime that the United States had hoped for; in the end, They also accepted China's regime change. America's third policy toward China failed, and the third was overwhelmed by the tide of advancing times. The relationship between intellectuals and the United States is both a historical and a practical issue. Through reviewing and analyzing the history, we hope to give some beneficial enlightenment to the contemporary intellectual stratum.
【学位授予单位】：中共北京市委党校
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K266;D829.712

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