论集体安全机制视野下联合国与北约之间的兼容

发布时间：2018-05-15 15:15

本文选题：北约 + 联合国　；参考：《当代法学》2017年05期

【摘要】：冷战结束之后,联合国集体安全机制的困境越来越突出。在安理会的决策方面,大国一致原则导致的选择性制裁和反应迟钝问题日益凸显。在军事行动的执行方面,安理会缺乏及时和有效的管控手段。与此同时,战略转型后的北约以"危机应对"为路径,开始谋求成为全球性集体安全机制。在"自愿合作"取代"整体对外",成为军事干涉的决策基础之后,北约的军事干涉机制更加高效,但也更加危险。科索沃战争与利比亚战争都说明:联合国与北约两种集体安全机制的兼容存在相当大的困难,但并非不可能。实现兼容的两个前提是北约的军事干涉能够获得安理会的事先授权,并且安理会能够对北约的军事行动实施及时和有效的管控。当两者无法兼容时,考虑到北约集体安全机制的封闭性、进攻性和危险性,我们只有坚持安理会的权威才能真正保障世界和平。国际社会不应对联合国集体安全机制失去信心。一方面,即使美国及其北约盟国也无法彻底放弃联合国集体安全机制;另一方面,在推动联合国改革的基础上,通过遵守和完善《联合国宪章》所规定的集体自卫权与区域办法,两种集体安全机制仍然可以实现兼容。
[Abstract]:After the end of the cold war, the plight of the United Nations collective security mechanism has become more and more prominent. In terms of Security Council decision-making, selective sanctions and slowness of response due to the principle of consensus among big powers have become increasingly prominent. The Security Council lacks timely and effective means of control over the implementation of military operations. At the same time, after the strategic transformation, NATO began to seek to become a global collective security mechanism with crisis response as its path. After "voluntary cooperation" replaced "overall external" as the basis for military intervention, NATO's military intervention mechanism is more efficient, but also more dangerous. Both the war in Kosovo and the war in Libya show that the compatibility of the two collective security mechanisms between the United Nations and NATO is difficult, but not impossible. The two prerequisites for compatibility are that NATO's military intervention can be authorized by the Security Council in advance and that the Security Council can exercise timely and effective control over NATO's military operations. When the two cannot be compatible, given the closed, offensive and dangerous nature of NATO's collective security mechanism, we can truly safeguard world peace only by upholding the authority of the Security Council. The international community should not lose confidence in the collective security mechanism of the United Nations. On the one hand, even the United States and its NATO allies cannot completely abandon the collective security mechanism of the United Nations; on the other hand, on the basis of promoting the reform of the United Nations, By adhering to and perfecting the right to collective self-defence as stipulated in the Charter of the United Nations and regional approaches, the two collective security mechanisms can still be compatible.
【作者单位】：华东政法大学国际法学院;
【基金】：上海哲学社会科学规划课题“乌克兰危机背景下当代民族自决权的流变与中国的外交立场研究”(2014BFX006) 上海市教委重点学科建设项目“国际法学”(J51103)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：D815

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