例外论与中美战略思维的差异性

发布时间：2018-05-18 00:42

本文选题：美国军事与外交 + 中美关系　；参考：《美国研究》2017年02期

【摘要】：美国例外论和中国例外论分别代表了一个光谱的两端,前者以本国更卓越为立论基础,后者以本国更独特为立论基础。美国例外论自恃美国的发展模式最好且普世通用,因此要求他国效仿美国,实现"美国化"。中国例外论认为国际上所谓通行的理念和规范并不适用于本国,因此既拒绝仿效他国,也不要求他国仿效中国。两种例外论的不同集中体现了两国在战略目的的界定、战略威胁的认知、战略手段的选择、战略原则的确立、战略关键的把握和战略禁忌的规避等方面的不同取向和偏好。究其根源,在很大程度上,两种例外论的形成主要在于中美两国人民具有非常不同的思维方式。相对来说,中国人更擅长于辩证思维、关系思维、有机思维和内化思维,美国人则更擅长于逻辑思维、类属思维、机械思维和外化思维。
[Abstract]:The American exceptionalism and the Chinese exceptionalism represent the two ends of the spectrum respectively. The former is based on its own superiority and the latter is based on its own uniqueness. American exceptionalism relies on the best and universal development model of the United States, so it requires other countries to follow the example of the United States and realize "Americanization". China's exceptionalism holds that the so-called international popular concepts and norms do not apply to China, so it refuses to follow the example of other countries, nor does it require other countries to follow China's example. The differences of the two exceptionalism reflect the different orientations and preferences of the two countries in defining strategic purpose, cognition of strategic threat, choice of strategic means, establishment of strategic principle, grasp of strategic key and circumvention of strategic taboos. To a large extent, the formation of the two exceptionalism lies in the very different ways of thinking between Chinese and American people. In contrast, the Chinese are better at dialectical thinking, relational thinking, organic thinking and internalized thinking, while Americans are better at logical, generic, mechanical and external thinking.
【作者单位】：复旦大学国际关系与公共事务学院;
【基金】：复旦大学陈树渠比较政治发展研究中心复旦发展研究院“中美友好互信合作计划”(FDDI17002)对本研究提供的支持
【分类号】：D822.371.2

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