外交承诺与战略试探:万斯访华与中美关系正常化

发布时间：2018-05-21 11:32

本文选题：万斯访华 + 中美关系正常化　；参考：《外交评论(外交学院学报)》2014年06期

【摘要】：长期以来,学者们普遍认为共同利益基础是中美关系实现正常化的核心动力,但是这一解释未能说明,在长达10年的时间里,面临共同外部安全威胁、有明显共同利益的中美两国一直未能实现建交和关系正常化。事实上,两国间仅仅存在共同战略利益基础是远远不够的,稳固的战略关系是极其必要的补充。这种战略关系需要经过一系列高层级的战略试探而逐渐建立起来。通过这种战略试探,国家间可以逐渐明晰彼此的战略意图,有效传递己方真实的外交承诺信号,累积领导人乃至国家间的战略信任,从而使潜在的共同战略利益得以显现,并最终走向战略联合。而1977年美国国务卿万斯访华便是双方关系正常化陷入停滞阶段后较为重要的一次中美战略性试探。这次"探索之旅"促进了双方间的沟通和了解,双方围绕全球战略的磋商和双边关系问题的交锋,不仅进一步推动了双边战略对话机制的形成和延续,还澄清了相互之间的模糊认识,重新启动了停滞已久的正常化进程,为中美关系后续的加速发展和突破提供了新的契机和条件。
[Abstract]:For a long time, scholars have generally agreed that the basis of common interests is the core motive force for the normalization of Sino-US relations, but this explanation fails to show that, for a period of up to 10 years, there has been a threat to common external security. China and the United States, with obvious common interests, have been unable to establish diplomatic relations and normalize their relations. In fact, the mere existence of a common strategic interest basis between the two countries is far from enough, and a solid strategic relationship is an extremely necessary complement. This strategic relationship needs to be gradually established through a series of high-level strategic explorations. Through this kind of strategic exploration, countries can gradually understand each other's strategic intentions, effectively convey their true signals of diplomatic commitment, accumulate strategic trust among leaders and even countries, and thus make the potential common strategic interests manifest. And finally move towards strategic union. U.S. Secretary of State Vance's visit to China in 1977 was an important strategic test of the two countries after the normalization of relations stalled. This "journey of exploration" has promoted communication and understanding between the two sides. The two sides' consultations on global strategy and the confrontation of bilateral relations have not only further promoted the formation and continuation of the bilateral strategic dialogue mechanism, It also clarifies the vague understanding between each other, restarts the long-stalled normalization process, and provides a new opportunity and condition for the subsequent accelerated development and breakthrough of Sino-US relations.
【作者单位】：华东师范大学冷战国际史研究中心;外交学院《外交评论》;
【基金】：国家社科基金重大项目“20世纪国际格局的演变与大国关系互动研究”(项目编号:11&ZD133)和国家社科基金重大委托项目“国际视野下中国共产党领导的人民战争”(项目编号:13@ZH028)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：D829;D822.371.2

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