卡特时期的美国对华安全政策

发布时间：2018-05-21 18:57

本文选题：卡特政府 + 美中关系　；参考：《南京大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：军事关系是国家间最敏感的关系,也是衡量国家问关系最重要的指标之一。关于卡特时期的美国对华安全政策与中美军事关系,前人著作虽然偶有提及,然而囿于材料,存在诸多未尽之处。目前,随着卡特时期美国外交档案的逐渐解密,针对这一专题的研究条件逐渐成熟。本文通过对美国国务院新近解密的档案材料,以及其他档案资料、相关当事人回忆录和前人研究成果等相关文献的梳理、解读、分析,对卡特时期的美国对华安全政策与中美军事关系进行了重新审视和微观研究。在着力弄清各项政策的出台背景、具体内容、演变历程的基础上,本文分析了政策演变的原因、特点、限度等,认为：这一时期的美国对华安全政策经历了从设想到落实再到扩展的过程,这一过程受到诸多内外因素的影响,这些影响因素中既有促进双边安全合作的,又有限制甚至阻碍双边安全合作的,在其共同影响下,美国对华安全政策和中美安全关系呈现出有限合作的特点,这也反映了中美关系的复杂性。首先,卡特时期的美国对华安全政策经历了从设想到落实再到扩展的过程。上台初期,美国政府在制定PRM24过程中讨论了与防务相关的技术转让问题,同一时期布热津斯基发出了与中国建立安全关系的政策倡议,1978年美国调整其亚洲战略,更加重视中国的安全作用,确立了在技术转让政策上小幅度区别中苏的原则。中越冲突爆发后,基于自身在亚太的战略和对中国的安全定位,美国着手制定了对华安全政策的总体设想。在关系正常化与应对苏联进攻形势等因素作用下,美中安全合作关系在1979年5月正式开启。然而,美国内部仍然存在不同意见,经过两次围绕布朗访华的政策辩论,美国政府进一步从整体到细节上明确了对华安全政策。阿富汗战争背景下的布朗访问直接推动了美中安全合作,双方迈入了实质性的安全关系。以此为契机,中美双方在安全领域内展开了具体的合作事宜,合作关系随着卡特政府下台顺利地落下了帷幕。其次,卡特时期的中美安全关系主要在高层访问、军事交流机制建立及其应用、技术转让等方面展开。因而在梳理过程中,本文论述并分析了这三个不同层面的政策在各个时间段上的变化。建交之后,最为推动美中安全合作关系的方式就是双方高层之间的互访,其中尤其邓小平访美、布朗访华、中国军事代表团访美为著。在这些访问中,双方确立了军事交流的机制,涉及后勤、低阶军官、军事院校学术交流等各个方面。美国在对华技术转让上的控制政策,随着双边军事关系的展开而逐步放松,转让领域扩大,处理方式更加灵活。总之,此时的美国对华安全政策在不同层面缓慢地发生着不同程度的变化。最后,在论述清楚政策内容和过程的基础上,文章纵向分析了美国对华安全政策发生变化的原因、特点、限度等。研究发现,美国对华安全政策受到三角外交关系、双边关系的其他方面、美国盟友态度与政策、官僚政治等诸多因素的影响,而且一些促进安全关系展开的因素,本身就存在着两面性,这就一定程度上限制了政策的变动范围,决定了美中安全合作关系的性质——有限的合作关系。
[Abstract]:Military relationship is the most sensitive relationship between the state and one of the most important indicators to measure the relationship between the state and the state. In the period of Carter's American security policy to China and the Sino US military relations, the predecessors' works have even mentioned it, but they are limited in materials. At present, with the gradual deciphering of the American Diplomatic Files in the period of the Carter period, the needle has been decipher. The research conditions of this topic are gradually mature. Through the combing, reading and analyzing the relevant documents, the Memoirs of the relevant parties and the research results of the predecessors, the article reviews and analyzes the relevant documents of the newly deciphering archives materials and other archival materials, the Memoirs of the relevant parties and the previous research, and reexamines the United States policy on Huaan and the military relations between the United States and the United States in the period of Carter. On the basis of making clear the background, content and evolution of various policies, this paper analyzes the reasons, characteristics and limits of the evolution of the policy. It is believed that the security policy of the United States to China in this period has experienced a process from conceive to implementation to expansion, and this process has been influenced by many internal and external factors. The influence factors not only promote bilateral security cooperation but also restrict and even impede bilateral security cooperation. Under its common influence, the United States has a limited cooperation with China's security policy and Sino US security relations, which also reflects the complexity of the Sino US relations. First, the American security policy of the United States in the Carter period has experienced a tentative plan. At the beginning of the stage, the United States government discussed the issue of technology transfer related to defense during the early stage of the PRM24 process. In the same period, Brzezinski issued a policy initiative to establish a security relationship with China. In 1978, the United States adjusted its Asian strategy, paid more attention to China's security role, and established the technology transfer. After the outbreak of the Sino Vietnam conflict, the United States has set out the overall vision of the security policy towards China, based on its own strategy in the Asia Pacific and the security of China. The United States and China cooperation relationship was officially opened in May 1979. There are still different opinions in the United States. After two policy debates around Brown's visit to China, the United States government further clarifies the security policy towards China from the whole to the details. Brown's visit in the context of the Afghan war has directly promoted the security cooperation between the United States and China, and the two sides have entered a substantial security relationship. In the field of security, specific cooperation has been carried out, and the cooperation relationship has been successfully draped with the downfall of the Carter administration. Secondly, the Sino US security relations in the Carter period are mainly on high level visits, the establishment of military communication mechanism and its application, technology transfer and so on. In the process of combing, the three differences are discussed and analyzed. After the establishment of diplomatic relations, the way to promote the United States and China's security cooperation is to exchange visits between the two sides, especially Deng Xiaoping's visit to the United States, Brown's visit to China, and the visit of the Chinese military delegation to the United States. In these visits, the two sides have established a mechanism for military communication, involving logistics, lower rank officers and troops. The control policy of American technology transfer to China has gradually relaxed with the expansion of bilateral military relations, the field of transfer is expanded, and the way of handling is more flexible. In a word, the US China security policy has changed slowly at different levels. Finally, it discusses clear policy. On the basis of the content and process, the article analyses the reasons, characteristics and limits of the American security policy to China. The study finds that the US security policy to China is influenced by the triangular diplomatic relations, other aspects of the bilateral relations, the attitude and policy of the United States, the bureaucracy and other factors, and some of the security relations. The unfolding factor itself has a dual nature, which limits the scope of the policy changes to a certain extent and determines the nature of the United States and China's security cooperation relations - a limited cooperative relationship.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D871.2

【共引文献】