冷战后俄印关系及其对中国的影响

发布时间：2018-05-23 20:05

本文选题：俄罗斯 + 印度　；参考：《山东师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：上世纪九十年代初开始，世界政治格局发生了巨大的变化，冷战时期的美苏两极格局终结，一超多强的格局开始形成，美国成为了世界上唯一的超级强国。在这种国际背景下，世界各国的外交政策都发生了变化。俄罗斯为能获得重振大国地位的机会，开始奉行向欧美一边倒的政策，以期得到复兴的帮助。对于印度而言，俄罗斯国力相比苏联时期大为削弱，而美国成为了世界上唯一的一极。美印关系急需修复，以求得能够从美国获得经济、军事等方面的援助。此期间俄印合作交往减少。90年代后期俄印开始恢复冷战时期的友好合作关系。到21世纪初，双方建立了战略合作伙伴关系，并在经贸等领域展开合作。论文分为四个部分，第一部分对俄罗斯和印度关系发展历程进行阐述:两国在冷战时期关系，由一般发展到同盟。苏印始终保持着非同寻常的友好关系。两国之间特殊关系的形成主要原因是印度在经济和军事上需要苏联的帮助，苏联在政治上需要印度上的支持。因此两国将同对方发展合作关系作为外交中的重要环节。在各个领域里展开了全方位的合作。冷战后期，苏印关系下降，冷战结束后的俄罗斯，国内经济萎靡，国家周边环境复杂。俄罗斯急于组建独联体和向欧美国家请求援助，难以考虑到印度。当时俄罗斯和印度都把发达国家作为主要交往对象，却未能得到相应的回报，因此开始重新调整外交战略。双方在继续重视同欧美关系的同时，开始恢复冷战时期俄印的亲密关系。叶利钦执政后期，俄罗斯加大俄印外交力度。1997年3月印度总理高达访问俄罗斯，双方将俄印关系升格为“战略伙伴关系”。12月，俄总理普里马科夫访印，两国发表《联合声明》，称两国将迅速迈向战略伙伴关系。普京时期，对俄印关系进行了重塑。2000年10月俄罗斯总统普京在访问印度时，两国签署了建立《战略伙伴宣言》的文件，宣布两国在主权平等、领土完整、互不干涉内政、相互尊重和互利的基础上建立战略伙伴关系。梅德韦杰夫时期俄印关系得到了进一步的发展。双方在经贸、军事、能源等领域的合作增强。2011年，俄罗斯总统梅德韦杰夫把俄印战略合作伙伴关系提升到了"优先对待"的地位。第二部分分析了推动两国关发展的有利因素，如现实利益的相对一致性，两国之间并不存在难以解决的矛盾，不担心对方会损害自身利益，相反，认为对方的发展会为本国利益带来一定的保障性。在经济方面，两国具有很强的互补性，俄罗斯能为印度提供其发展所需要的工业技术和能源供应，而印度能够为俄罗斯提供其所需要的农产品和轻工业产品。在军事领域，俄罗斯非常重视印度这个传统的武器出口市场，印度也需要靠俄罗斯的军事设备来增强国防力量。第三部分分析了影响两国关系发展的制约因素。两国在经济方面相对较低的贸易额，冷战后长时间内俄印两国的经贸一直处于低水平，远低于中俄、美印等贸易额，这阻碍了两国的进一步合作和发展。两国的军事合作相对弱化，，印度不想过分依赖俄罗斯的武器供应，而希望供应渠道多元化等。论文的最后一部分主要探讨俄印关系对于中国的影响，两国在军事方面的合作，对于中国的能源和边境安全产生了威胁。俄印关系的加强有利于两国在上合组织等区域组织中与中国的合作，有利于中俄印三方在亚太地区发挥更大的作用。
[Abstract]:Since the beginning of the 90s of the last century, the world political pattern has changed greatly. The two poles of the United States and the Soviet Union ended in the cold war, a super strong pattern began to form, the United States became the only superpower in the world. In this international context, the foreign policy of the world has changed. Russia is able to gain a great reinvigorate the country. The opportunity for status began to pursue a one-sided policy towards Europe and the United States, with a view to rejuvenation. For India, the Russian national strength was greatly weakened compared with the Soviet period, and the United States became the only one in the world. The US India relationship was in urgent need of repair to obtain economic and military assistance from the United States. In the late.90, Russia and India began to restore the friendly and cooperative relationship between the cold war and the cold war. By the beginning of twenty-first Century, the two sides established a strategic partnership and cooperation in the areas of economic and trade.
The thesis is divided into four parts. The first part expounds the relationship between Russia and India: the relations between the two countries in the cold war period, from the general development to the alliance. The Soviet and India have always maintained an unusual friendly relationship. The main reason for the formation of the special relations between the two countries is that the Soviet Union is in need of the help of the Soviet Union in the economy and the military and the Soviet Union is in India. There is a political need for support from India. Therefore, the two countries will develop cooperative relations with each other as an important part of diplomacy. A full range of cooperation has been carried out in all fields. In the late cold war, the relationship between the Soviet Union and India declined.
After the end of the cold war, Russia has been languishing in the domestic economy and the surrounding environment is complex. Russia is eager to form the Commonwealth of Independent States and ask for assistance to the European and American countries. It is difficult to take into account India. Russia and India both took the developed countries as the main object of communication but failed to get the corresponding returns, so they began to re adjust their diplomatic strategy. While continuing to attach importance to the relationship with Europe and the United States, began to restore the close relationship between Russia and India during the cold war period. In the late period of Yeltsin's ruling, Russia increased Russian and Indian diplomacy in India. In March, the Prime Minister of India visited Russia. Both sides upgraded the Russian India relationship to "strategic partnership".12 month, Russian Prime Minister Primakov visited India, and the two countries published the joint sound. In Putin's period of remolding Russian and Indian Relations in the Putin period in October, Russia's president Putin was visiting India, and the two countries signed a document on the establishment of the strategic partner declaration, declaring the two countries to establish war on the basis of sovereign equality, territorial integrity, mutual non-interference in internal affairs, mutual respect and mutual benefit. A brief partnership. The relationship between Russia and India during the Medvedev period was further developed. The two sides strengthened their cooperation in economic, trade, military, energy and other fields for.2011 years. Russian President Medvedev promoted the strategic partnership between Russia and India to the "priority" position.
The second part analyzes the favorable factors to promote the development of the two countries, such as the relative consistency of the real interests. There is no difficult contradiction between the two countries, and the other is not worried about their own interests. On the contrary, the development of the other side will bring a certain guarantee for their own interests. In the economic aspect, the two countries have strong complementarity and Russia. In order to provide India with industrial technology and energy supply for its development, India can provide Russia with the agricultural products and light industrial products it needs. In the military field, Russia attaches great importance to the traditional arms export market in India, and India needs to rely on Russia's military equipment to enhance its defense forces.
The third part analyses the restrictive factors that affect the development of the relations between the two countries. The relatively low economic trade volume between the two countries. The economy and trade of Russia and India have been at a low level in the long period after the cold war, far below the trade volume between China and Russia and the United States and India. This hinders the further cooperation and development of the two countries. The military cooperation between the two countries is relatively weak and India does not want to. Over reliance on Russian arms supply and diversification of supply channels.
The last part of the paper mainly discusses the influence of the Russian India relations on China, and the cooperation between the two countries poses a threat to China's energy and border security. The strengthening of the relationship between Russia and India is beneficial to the cooperation between the two countries in the regional organizations such as the SCO and the three parties of China and Russia to play a greater role in the Asia Pacific region. Use.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D851.2;D835.1

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