达尔富尔问题的由来与发展

发布时间：2018-05-24 05:26

本文选题：达尔富尔问题 + 根源　；参考：《华东师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：在国内外媒体和学界,达尔富尔问题又被称为达尔富尔危机、达尔富尔冲突。2003年2月,达尔富尔地区的两支黑人反政府武装以苏丹政府忽视该地区发展、纵容本地区的阿拉伯民兵对本地区黑人居民进行种族清洗为由,发动了大规模的反政府武装活动,达尔富尔问题就此拉开了帷幕。冲突爆发后迅速引起了国际社会的强烈反应,被视为21世纪以来最严重的人道主义危机,同时国际社会也为该地区危机的和平化解积极地努力着。达尔富尔危机的爆发是多方面因素综合作用的结果,从苏丹国内矛盾来看：历史上达尔富尔地区的土著黑人与中央政权的对立,南北内战引发的非洲黑人与阿拉伯人之间的仇恨,中央权力斗争造成的地区发展边缘化,中央政权频繁易手导致的国家观念的缺失,地区生态恶化引发的族群冲突,阿拉伯化的中央政府对非阿拉伯人的排斥和管理不当等,使达尔富尔地区成为了滋生暴乱的温床,共同构成了达尔富尔问题的国内根源。从地区范围来看,达尔富尔问题的根源在于：乍得内战的外溢使达尔富尔地区的族群界线变得更加清晰,难民流的涌入让饱受战乱的达尔富尔不堪重负,利比亚的介入使达尔富尔地区成为了利比亚、乍得、苏丹三方争斗的主战场,使地区形势愈加复杂。以上因素都为达尔富尔问题的出现即2003年开始的大规模暴力冲突埋下了伏笔。这场暴力冲突导致了严重的人道主义灾难。危机爆发后,世界主要大国以及非盟、联合国等国际组织出于人道主义关怀、石油利益、发展战略等多方面因素的考虑,积极介入达尔富尔问题的和平解决进程。由于苏丹与中国在石油领域上的合作关系,坚守“不干涉内政”原则的中国反而成为西方社会指责的对象。面对国际社会的压力,中国适时地进行了政策调整,为化解冲突付出了巨大努力,维护了国家形象,推进了达尔富尔和平进程。达尔富尔问题是冷战后国内冲突国际化和人道主义干预的一个典型案例。对这一案例的剖析有助于深化我们对相关的国际政治理论,特别是国内冲突国际化理论和人权与主权的关系之理论的理解。在全球化、信息化、“碎片化”和多极化的冷战后世界,国内冲突国际化已成为普遍现象,具有历史的必然性。达尔富尔危机也对关于人权与主权关系的传统国际法原则和“不干涉内政”原则提出了挑战。
[Abstract]:In the media and academia at home and abroad, the Darfur issue is also known as the Darfur crisis, the Darfur conflict. In February 2003, two black rebel groups in the Darfur region ignored the development of the region by the Government of the Sudan, The Darfur issue began when Arab militias in the region were allowed to carry out ethnic cleansing of black residents in the region and launched large-scale anti-government activities. After the outbreak of the conflict, it caused a strong reaction from the international community and was regarded as the most serious humanitarian crisis since the 21st century. At the same time, the international community also worked actively for the peaceful resolution of the crisis in the region. The outbreak of the crisis in Darfur was the result of a combination of factors. From the point of view of the internal contradictions in the Sudan: the historical opposition between the indigenous black people in Darfur and the central regime, The hatred between African blacks and Arabs caused by the civil war between the north and the south, the marginalization of regional development caused by the central power struggle, the lack of national concept caused by the frequent change of hands of the central government, the ethnic conflicts caused by the deterioration of regional ecology, The exclusion and mismanagement of non-Arabs by the Arabized central government have made Darfur a hotbed of violence and a domestic source of Darfur problems. At the regional level, the root cause of the Darfur problem lies in the fact that the spillover of the Chadian civil war has made the ethnic boundaries in Darfur clearer, and the influx of refugees has overwhelmed war-torn Darfur. The involvement of Libya has made Darfur a major battleground for fighting between Libya, Chad and Sudan, complicating the situation in the region. All of this laid the groundwork for the emergence of Darfur, the massive violence that began in 2003. The violent conflict led to a serious humanitarian disaster. After the outbreak of the crisis, the major world powers and international organizations such as the African Union and the United Nations have been actively involved in the process of peaceful settlement of the Darfur issue due to the consideration of humanitarian concerns, oil interests, development strategies and other factors. Because of the cooperation between Sudan and China in the field of oil, China, which adheres to the principle of "non-interference in internal affairs", has instead become the target of Western criticism. In the face of pressure from the international community, China has made timely policy adjustments, made great efforts to resolve the conflict, safeguarded its national image and advanced the Darfur peace process. Darfur is a typical case of the internationalization of civil conflicts and humanitarian intervention after the cold war. The analysis of this case helps to deepen our understanding of relevant international political theories, especially the theory of internationalization of internal conflicts and the relationship between human rights and sovereignty. In the post-Cold War world of globalization, informatization, fragmentation and multipolarization, the internationalization of internal conflicts has become a universal phenomenon and has historical inevitability. The Darfur crisis also challenged the traditional principles of international law and non-interference in the relationship between human rights and sovereignty.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D815

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