中国对联合国人权机制的参与及效应分析

发布时间：2018-05-24 11:23

本文选题：联合国 + 人权　；参考：《上海社会科学院》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：联合国人权机制是在二战后建立和发展起来的，经过六十多年的发展，联合国人权机制已成为国际人权机制的主要表现形式，它利用联合国这个全球最大、最重要、最具权威的统一的综合性政府间国际组织为载体，在其框架内制定了一系列保障人权的国际公约和文书；建立了人权委员会、人权理事会等人权保护机构；确定了人权保护的具体措施；利用各类人权会议为各国提供人权交流与合作、监督与裁判的平台。在其长期努力下，一个涉及人类社会政治、经济、和社会生活诸领域，规范了明确的宗旨、原则、规则、操作措施和决策程序的全球性人权体制已基本确立起来。中国古代传统思想中就包含了人权概念，至近代中国，萌发出了借鉴西方人权观的人权意识和人权精神，建国后，中国特色的人权观进一步发展，但与现代西方人权观念存在颇多差异，中国对于参与联合国人权机制一直持有矛盾态度。一方面，在中国“人权”一度被认为是代表了西方资本主义生产方式和价值观念的概念，是西方社会进行意识形态斗争的工具，中国担心由人权话题引发的对本国主权和领土的侵害；另一方面，随着全球化的推进和各国依赖程度的提高，国际制度在国际关系领域的重要性逐渐凸显出来，联合国人权机制在全球人权保障和人权事业的发展中发挥着越来越重要的作用，中国开始意识到参与联合国人权机制将带来的现实利益和积极效应。本文试通过梳理中国建国以来参与联合国人权机制的方式与路径，分析中国在不同历史阶段，不同国内、国际环境下对是否参与和如何参与联合国人权机制的外交选择；通过探讨联合国人权机制的构成、功能和局限，，分析中国参与联合国人权机制的必要性和必然性；利用国际机制理论的分析框架，剖析中国在新时期参与联合国人权机制的外交选择及由此带来的国内、国际效应。
[Abstract]:The United Nations human rights mechanism was established and developed after the second World War. After more than 60 years of development, the United Nations human rights mechanism has become the main manifestation of the international human rights machinery. It uses the United Nations as the largest and most important global human rights mechanism. (a) the most authoritative, integrated and integrated intergovernmental international organization, within its framework, has developed a series of international conventions and instruments guaranteeing human rights; it has established human rights protection bodies, such as the Commission on Human Rights and the Human Rights Council; Specific measures for the protection of human rights have been identified; various human rights conferences have been used to provide a platform for human rights exchanges and cooperation, monitoring and adjudication. Under its long-term efforts, a global human rights system involving human society, politics, economy, and social life has been basically established, regulating clear purposes, principles, rules, operational measures and decision-making procedures. The concept of human rights was included in the ancient Chinese traditional thought. In modern China, the human rights consciousness and spirit of learning from the western view of human rights emerged, and after the founding of the people's Republic of China, the concept of human rights with Chinese characteristics developed further. However, there are many differences between China and modern western human rights, and China has always had a contradictory attitude towards participating in UN human rights mechanism. On the one hand, "human rights" in China was once considered to represent the concept of Western capitalist production and values, and a tool for ideological struggle in Western society. China is concerned about the encroachment on its sovereignty and territory caused by the topic of human rights; on the other hand, the importance of the international system in the field of international relations has gradually become apparent as globalization progresses and countries become more dependent. The United Nations human rights mechanism is playing an increasingly important role in the global human rights guarantee and the development of human rights. China is beginning to realize the practical benefits and positive effects that its participation in the UN human rights mechanism will bring. By combing the ways and paths of China's participation in the UN human rights mechanism since the founding of the people's Republic of China, this paper analyzes China's diplomatic choices on whether and how to participate in UN human rights mechanisms at different historical stages, at different domestic and international levels. By discussing the composition, functions and limitations of the United Nations human rights mechanisms, the necessity and inevitability of China's participation in the United Nations human rights mechanisms are analyzed, and the analytical framework of the theory of international mechanisms is used. This paper analyzes the diplomatic choice of China's participation in the UN human rights mechanism in the new period and its domestic and international effects.
【学位授予单位】：上海社会科学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D815.7

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