以色列联盟战略研究

发布时间：2018-05-24 19:02

本文选题：联盟理论 + 以色列外交　；参考：《上海外国语大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：国际关系领域的研究学者们一般严格地把联盟关系定义为国家间安全承诺的一种形式，需要签署一份正式的协议以作为承诺用共同军事资源反对某具体的、或潜在的敌人，必要时不惜采取武力对抗的方式。依据这种界定，以色列不存在严格意义上的正式盟友。但是学者们却鲜有对美国与以色列自20世纪60年代以来的亲密关系提出过质疑，也有学者巧妙地以“准联盟”来定义美以之间的关系。笔者认为，出于对中东地区大多数阿拉伯国家的利益权衡，即使是世界上唯一的超级大国美国也无法给予以色列一份正式的联盟协议，将保障以色列在中东地区的安全利益落实到白纸黑字上。但是这并不代表者以色列无法得到大国的支持以及安全保障，相反，大国在中东地区的战略利益时常是需要以色列的存在的，，这也是以色列得以在中东地区生存下来的原因之一。大国虽然无法通过一份正式的协议来保障以色列的安全利益，但它们的实质行动中常常会体现出对以色列的支持以及安全上的保障。在以色列建国之后面临的第一次中东战争中，是苏联以及东欧共产主义阵营的国家对其暗中提供的武器帮助了以色列击退了阿拉伯联军的驱逐。20世纪50年代，在美苏两国都力图冷却美以、苏以关系的时候，以色列是依靠法国提供的战机保障了自己的领空安全，也是在与法国的军事安全合作中，开展了核反应堆的实验。苏联与法国都没有与以色列签署一份具有正式效益的联盟协议，但就两国之间发展的实质内容来讲，以色列从苏联和法国那里得到的安全保障与支持并不亚于一个正式盟友所能提供的保障与支持。正是鉴于此考虑，笔者不会将以色列与大国之间的关系局限于一纸协议，希望从两国实质性合作的内容出发，把以色列的联盟战略定义为寻求发展与大国之间有针对性、指向性的军事安全合作关系，包括正式的、非正式的协议形式，旨在为以色列提供安全保障的外交形式。本文将通过分析以色列选择联盟战略的主观、客观因素，结合以色列自建国以后不同阶段中与苏联、法国以及美国的三段联盟关系，阐述以色列在寻求大国对其安全方面的保障与支持过程中的外交特点。
[Abstract]:Researchers in the field of international relations generally strictly define alliance relations as a form of inter-State security commitment, requiring the signing of a formal agreement as a commitment to use common military resources against a specific or potential enemy. Resort to armed confrontation when necessary. By this definition, Israel does not have a formal ally in the strict sense. However, few scholars have questioned the close relationship between the United States and Israel since the 1960s, and some scholars have skillfully defined the relationship between the United States and Israel by "quasi-alliance". In my opinion, even the United States, the only superpower in the world, cannot give Israel a formal alliance agreement because of the interests of most Arab countries in the Middle East. Put the security interests of Israel in the Middle East in black and white. However, this does not mean that Israel does not have the support and security of the major powers. On the contrary, the strategic interests of the major powers in the Middle East often require the presence of Israel. This is one of the reasons why Israel has survived in the Middle East. Although the major powers cannot guarantee Israel's security interests through a formal agreement, their substantive actions often reflect support for Israel and security guarantees. In the first Middle East war since the founding of Israel, it was the Soviet Union and the communist bloc in Eastern Europe that secretly supplied weapons to Israel, which helped it repel the expulsion of the Arab coalition in the 1950s. When the United States and the Soviet Union tried to cool the United States and Israel, Israel relied on French fighter jets to protect its airspace, and it also carried out experiments on nuclear reactors in military security cooperation with France. Neither the Soviet Union nor France has signed a formal alliance agreement with Israel, but in terms of the substance of the development between the two countries, Israel's security support from the Soviet Union and France is no less than that provided by a formal ally. In view of this consideration, the author will not confine the relationship between Israel and the big countries to a single agreement, hoping to define Israel's alliance strategy as seeking development and aiming at the big powers from the content of substantive cooperation between the two countries. Directed military security cooperation, including formal and informal forms of agreement, is a form of diplomacy designed to provide security for Israel. This paper will analyze the subjective and objective factors of Israel's choice of alliance strategy, and combine the three periods of alliance relations with the Soviet Union, France and the United States in different stages since the founding of Israel. This paper expounds the diplomatic characteristics of Israel in seeking the security and support of the great powers.
【学位授予单位】：上海外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D815.4

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