驻韩美军“战略灵活性”调整及其影响

发布时间：2018-05-26 20:56

本文选题：驻韩美军“战略灵活性” + 韩美同盟　；参考：《延边大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：冷战时期,美国在东北亚的军事战略是针对共产主义国家的潜在威胁制定的,在朝鲜半岛的驻军主要起到了防止朝鲜南下以及韩国北上,稳定朝鲜半岛局势的作用,此外对于牵制中国,防止日本军国主义的复活问题上也有一定的影响。 9.11事件后,美国的政治重心放到了确保美国的绝对安全上。反恐,防止大规模杀伤性武器扩散等问题成为美国军事战略的首要议题。威胁的不对称性和不确定性要求美国调整军事战略以应对挑战。因此,冷战时期的固定式的军队部署急需改变,美国力求实现海外驻军的现代化,机动化,超强的灵活性。在此形势下,驻韩美军也需做出相应的调整以配合美国的新军事战略。2005年开始,美韩正式就驻韩美军的“战略灵活性”举行会谈,2006年双方达成协议,驻韩美军将由固定在朝鲜半岛的同盟军转化为维护地区和平与稳定的“地区军”。驻韩美军“战略灵活性”调整的重要步骤之一是驻韩美军基地移转,驻韩美军从“三八线”向汉江以南撤离,在此过程中驻韩美军将由美军主导防御向韩国主导,美国支援的方向转变。驻韩美军“战略灵活性”的调整是韩美关系急需改善的情况下提出的,另外也是美国的亚太军事战略变化的一部分。驻韩美军“战略灵活性”的调整使韩国国防获得更大的自主性,韩美同盟得到强化,韩国不再担心遭到美国的“抛弃”,但是也因此会使韩国受到拖累,陷入不必要的纷争。驻韩美军“战略灵活性”调整的战略意图,除为了与美国的全球军事战略保持一致外,还有牵制东北亚大国崛起的思考,驻韩美军转变成“地区军”之后,可以介入朝鲜半岛之外的纷争,潜在目标是应对台海危机。驻韩美军“战略灵活性”的调整很可能成为导致美韩中三国关系恶化的不稳定因素。对此,中国的首要选择是同时增进与韩国、美国的关系,同时保持与周边国家的友好合作交流,积极推动东北亚共同体的建设,以打破地区的军备竞赛的持续开展。本文从美国的全球军事战略调整及其在东北亚政策目标分析入手,结合同盟安全困境理论分析探讨驻韩美军“战略灵活性”调整的动因,阐释美国、韩国在此过程中的正负相互作用,进而对驻韩美军“战略灵活性”调整之后,韩美同盟结构的变化和驻韩美军性质作用的改变进行剖析,并对驻韩美军“战略灵活性”调整之后对朝核问题解决和东北亚地区产生的影响进行评述,最后对中国的对应策略提出见解。
[Abstract]:During the Cold War, the US military strategy in Northeast Asia was formulated in response to the potential threat from communist countries. The military garrison on the Korean peninsula played a major role in preventing the DPRK from going south and south, and stabilizing the situation on the Korean Peninsula. In addition, to contain China, prevent the revival of Japanese militarism also has a certain impact. After 9 / 11, America's political focus was on ensuring America's absolute security. Anti-terrorism, preventing the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and other issues have become the first issue of US military strategy. The asymmetry and uncertainty of the threat require the United States to adjust its military strategy to meet the challenge. Therefore, the fixed deployment of troops during the Cold War urgently needed to be changed, and the United States sought to modernize, motorize, and enhance flexibility of its troops stationed overseas. Under this situation, the US military stationed in South Korea also needs to make corresponding adjustments to suit the new US military strategy. In 2005, the United States and South Korea formally held talks on the "strategic flexibility" of the US military stationed in South Korea, and in 2006 the two sides reached an agreement. The US military in South Korea will be transformed from the allied forces fixed on the Korean Peninsula to the regional forces that maintain regional peace and stability. One of the important steps in the adjustment of the "strategic flexibility" of the US military stationed in South Korea is the transfer of US bases in the ROK, and the withdrawal of the US forces in South Korea from the "38th Line" to the south of the Han River. In the process, the US military in the ROK will lead the defense from the US military to the ROK. The direction of American support has shifted. The adjustment of the "strategic flexibility" of the US military stationed in South Korea is proposed in the context of the urgent need for improvement in the relations between the ROK and the United States, and is also part of the US military strategic change in the Asia-Pacific region. The adjustment of the US military's "strategic flexibility" in South Korea has given South Korea greater autonomy in national defense and strengthened the Korea-US alliance. South Korea is no longer worried about being "abandoned" by the United States, but as a result, it will be dragged down and plunged into unnecessary disputes. The strategic intention of the adjustment of the "strategic flexibility" of the US forces stationed in South Korea is not only to maintain consistency with the global military strategy of the United States, but also to restrain the rise of the major powers in Northeast Asia. After the US military in South Korea has been transformed into a "regional army," The potential target is to deal with the Taiwan Strait crisis. The adjustment of the US military's "strategic flexibility" in South Korea is likely to be a destabilizing factor in the deterioration of relations between the three countries. In this regard, China's first choice is to promote relations with South Korea and the United States at the same time, to maintain friendly and cooperative exchanges with neighboring countries, and to actively promote the construction of the Northeast Asia Community in order to break the continuation of the arms race in the region. This paper begins with the analysis of the global military strategic adjustment of the United States and its policy objectives in Northeast Asia, and discusses the reasons for the adjustment of the "strategic flexibility" of the US military stationed in South Korea in combination with the theory of alliance security dilemma, and explains the United States. South Korea's positive and negative interaction in this process, and then after the adjustment of the "strategic flexibility" of the US military stationed in Korea, the changes in the structure of the Korea-US alliance and the changes in the nature of the role of the US military stationed in the ROK are analyzed. The influence of the adjustment of the "strategic flexibility" on the North Korean nuclear issue and the Northeast Asian region is reviewed, and the corresponding strategy of China is put forward at the end of the paper.
【学位授予单位】：延边大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：E712;D815

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