现实主义视域下的中美新型大国关系建构

发布时间：2018-05-27 01:17

本文选题：修昔底德陷阱 + 中国崛起　；参考：《河南大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：中美关系是当今世界最重要的双边关系之一,美国也是影响中华民族再崛起的最大外部因素。当今的中美关系非常复杂。从现实主义的观点来看,中美两国关系最突出的特点是在国家利益等问题上存在着结构性的矛盾与冲突。二战后,美国始终把维持在全球的主导地位,维护其全球霸权作为其核心国家利益。改革开放以后,中国的再次崛起已经成为不可阻挡的必然趋势。随着中国的崛起,中国在世界的影响力必然扩大。尽管中国无意挑战美国在全球的霸权地位,但中国在全球影响力的扩大必然导致美国全球霸权地位的不确定性,再加上国际社会无政府状态造成的中美之间互信的缺失,致使中美之间的矛盾更具有新时代特点。面对新形势下国际局势的复杂性,如何加强两国互信互惠、合作共赢,在中美之间建构一种新型大国关系就摆在了两国政治家的面前。本文在结构上主要分为三大部分。其中,第一部分是绪论部分,包括选题意义、研究现状综述、写作思路和研究方法；第二部分是论文的主体部分,包括第二、三、四、五章；第三部分是结论部分。第二章从历史的视角入手,以古希腊历史学家从伯罗奔尼撒战争中总结出来的“修昔底德陷进”来看中美新兴大国与守城大国之间的关系。由于美国对正在崛起的中国缺乏信任,认为中国崛起之后必然会像昔日的西方列强那样实行对外扩张的政策,采取主动、破坏性的行为来挑战美国的全球霸主地位,这就使得中美之间的矛盾具有了结构性。然而,结构性矛盾只是意味着矛盾的难以解决,并不意味着根本不能解决。中美之间必须走出现实主义者约翰·米尔斯海默所谓的战争宿命论。通过共同努力,中美之间可以建构一种新型的大国关系。第三章着重研究中美之间构建新型大国关系的必要性与现实性。纵观历史,中美之间合则两利,斗则两伤。在新形势下,中美之间必须而且可以构建一种合作共赢的新型大国关系。这是因为,首先,当今的世界越来越全球化,世界各国由于相互联系的增加而产生了深深的相互依赖,任何一个国家的发展、国家安全的实现都离不开他国的合作；其次,由于全球化,当今世界上的各种非传统安全已成为影响国际社会和平、安全和各个国家国家利益的重要因素；再次,中美两国在国际社会的地位、影响力和核大国特点也决定了中美两国必须超越历史,构建一种合作型的新型大国关系。第四章主要分析了美国对华政策的两面性。国家利益是一个国家对外政策的出发点,美国的对华政策也是建构在其对自我国家利益的认识基础之上的。美国既要维护其全球霸主地位,又要直面中国必然崛起的趋势,这就使得美国的许多对华政策显示出强烈的遏制性的一面。但另一方面,由于国家利益的复杂性和国际社会的变迁,美国又离不开中国的合作。因此,美国的对华政策具有明显的遏制与合作的两面性。第五章主要探讨了中美建构新型大国关系的路径。基于现实的原因,美国在对华实行遏制战略的同时,又不得不与中国进行合作,这就使得中美构建一种“不冲突、不对抗、相互尊重、合作双赢”的新型大国关系成为了可能。为了实现这一目标,中美双方必须采取一切必要的措施,包括加强两国民间的互动,在两国的民间培养一种互信、有相互好感的社会氛围。特别是两国精英阶层要树立两国友好合作的信念,在观念领域建构起一种合作的新型大国关系。在现实中,中美两国都有自己现实的国家利益。在建构自身的国家利益时,双方必须以国际社会公认的国际法和国际准则为基础。美国必须尊重中国通过自我艰苦奋斗实现民族复兴和国家崛起的合法权利,尊重中国的领土完整和国家统一的核心国家利益。同样,中国也应因应美国的核心国家利益诉求。只要双方共同努力,中美两国一定能够克服困难,建构起一种新型大国合作关系。总之,本文认为,中美双方必须充分认识到中美关系对于当今中美两国和当今世界的重要性。只要双方在理念和行动上达成共识,中美两国完全能够建立一种“不冲突、不对抗、相互尊重、合作共赢”的新型大国关系,摆脱历史上崛起大国与守成大国必然冲突的历史宿命。
[Abstract]:The relationship between China and the United States is one of the most important bilateral relations in the world today. The United States is also the biggest external factor affecting the reemergence of the Chinese nation. Today's Sino US relations are very complex. From the perspective of realism, the most prominent feature of the relationship between China and the United States is the structural contradictions and conflicts on the issues of national interests. After World War II, The United States has always maintained its dominant position in the world and maintained its global hegemony as its core national interest. After the reform and opening up, China's re emergence has become an inexorable trend. With the rise of China, China's influence in the world will inevitably expand. Although China does not have the intention to challenge the United States' hegemonic status in the world, China has no intention to challenge the hegemony of the United States. The expansion of the global influence in the world will inevitably lead to the uncertainty of the global hegemony status of the United States, and the lack of mutual trust between the United States and the United States caused by the anarchy of the international community, which makes the contradiction between the United States and the United States more characteristic of the new era. The construction of a new type of great power relations between China and the United States lies before politicians of both countries.
This article is divided into three main parts. The first part is the introduction, including the significance of the topic, the present situation of the research, the thinking and methods of writing; the second part is the main part of the paper, including second, third, four, five chapters, and the third part is the conclusion part.
The second chapter, starting with the historical perspective, takes the ancient Greek historian from the "Thucydides depression" summed up in the Peloponnesian War to see the relationship between the emerging powers of China and the United States and the great powers of the city. The policy of external expansion, taking the initiative and destructive behavior to challenge the global hegemony of the United States, makes the contradiction between China and the United States structural. However, the structural contradiction only means that the contradiction is difficult to solve and does not mean that it can not be solved at all. The realist John Mearsheimer must go out of China and the United States. Through the joint efforts, the United States and China can build a new type of big power relationship.
The third chapter focuses on the necessity and reality of the construction of a new type of great power relationship between China and the United States. Throughout history, China and the United States have two interests and two injuries. In the new situation, China and the United States must and can build a new type of cooperation and win-win relationship. This is because, first, the world is becoming more and more globalized and the world is due to the world The increasing interdependence has produced a deep interdependence. The development of any country and the realization of national security can not be separated from the cooperation of other countries. Secondly, because of globalization, the various non-traditional security in the world today has become an important factor affecting the peace, security and national interests of the international community; again, China and the United States two China's position in the international community, its influence and the characteristics of nuclear power also determine that China and the United States must transcend history and build a cooperative new type of big power relationship.
The fourth chapter mainly analyzes the two sides of the American policy towards China. The national interest is the starting point of a national foreign policy. The American policy towards China is based on its understanding of the national interests. The United States has to maintain its global hegemony and face the inevitable trend of China's rise, which makes many of the United States. The policy towards China shows a strong side of containment. On the other hand, because of the complexity of the national interests and the changes in the international community, the United States can not be separated from China's cooperation. Therefore, the United States policy towards China has a distinct dual nature of containment and cooperation.
The fifth chapter mainly discusses the path of the construction of a new relationship between China and the United States. On the basis of reality, the United States has to cooperate with China while implementing its containment strategy in China. This makes it possible to build a new type of great power relationship between China and the United States, which is "no conflict, no confrontation, mutual respect and win-win cooperation". China and the United States must take all necessary measures, including strengthening the interaction between the two countries, cultivating a kind of mutual trust and good social atmosphere in the two countries. In particular, the elites of the two countries should set up a belief in friendly cooperation between the two countries and build a cooperative new power relationship in the field of concept. In reality, China and the United States two All countries have their own national interests. In the construction of their own national interests, both sides must be based on international law and international norms recognized by the international community. The United States must respect China's legitimate rights to achieve national rejuvenation and the rise of the state through hard work of self struggle, and respect China's territorial integrity and the core state of national unity. Likewise, China should also appeal to the interests of the United States' core national interests. As long as the two sides work together, China and the United States will be able to overcome the difficulties and build a new type of great power cooperation.
In conclusion, China and the United States must fully recognize the importance of Sino US relations to the present and the United States and the world today. As long as the two sides agree on ideas and actions, both China and the United States can fully establish a new type of relationship of "no conflict, no confrontation, mutual respect, cooperation and win-win", and the rise of a big country in history. The historical fate of the inevitable conflict with the great power.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D822.371.2

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