试论非洲区域特色的维和机制

发布时间：2018-05-27 02:16

本文选题：联合国 + 非洲联盟　；参考：《湘潭大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：在解决地区冲突，维护大陆和平的实践过程中，非洲形成了联合国、非洲联盟（非洲统一组织）和非洲的其他次区域性国际组织三方联合、相互合作，具有鲜明非洲特色的集体安全机制。这种独具特色的维和机制在利比里亚问题、厄立特里亚和埃塞俄比亚问题、苏丹达尔富尔问题上表现尤其明显。非洲实行的三方合作的维和机制既有法理依据，又有组织机构基础，因此尽管在实施过程中遇到了一些阻力，引发了一些问题，但是在维护联合国权威，解决人道主义危机方面仍然产生了重要的影响。当然，这种机制还不甚完善，需要非洲国家和联合国共同努力加以改进。世界历史进入21世纪的第二个十年，，以突尼斯、埃及、利比亚为代表，非洲国家局势出现了令人不安的变化。一些在地区有影响力的大国国内相继出现了动荡和政权更迭，甚至出现了较大规模的国内战争。西方大国为了自身利益插手非洲事务，使得非洲局势变得更加扑朔迷离。如何为非洲安全稳定构建一个有效的机制，是国际社会的一个难题。笔者认为，以联合国、非洲联盟（包括非洲统一组织，简称为非盟或非统）、非洲次区域性国际组织（简称非洲次区域组织）相互配合而进行的维和行动机制，将会对非洲的长治久安产生重大的积极作用。维护世界和平是联合国成立的宗旨之一，维持和平行动就是联合国在维护世界和平的具体实践中逐渐形成的一项制度化安排。自维和行动诞生至今，经过六十多年的发展，联合国维和行动不断充实、完善，当前已经发展成为缓解地区冲突，维护地区和平稳定的一项重要手段和制度化安排。非洲大陆独立之后，地区主义思想发展迅速。到目前为止，非洲大陆除了全大陆性的国际组织非洲联盟外，还出现了大量具有影响力的其他次区域性的国际组织，诸如西非国家经济共同体、南部非洲发展共同体、中非国家经济共同体、大湖地区国家经济共同体、东非政府间发展组织等等。无论是在自己的组织章程中，还是在历史实践中，这些国际组织都对本地区内的冲突抱有极大的关心，并为解决这些冲突作了很大的努力，成为解决非洲地区冲突必不可少的一支力量。在解决非洲的地区冲突中，联合国、非洲联盟、非洲次区域性国际组织各有自己的优势，也都有不足之处，三方力量相互合作、相互配合，可以取长补短，利用三位一体的力量来共同维持非洲大陆的安全和稳定的机制。这也是在非洲大陆开展的维和行动所具有的最鲜明的特色。本文也将对此进行分析。
[Abstract]:In the process of resolving regional conflicts and maintaining peace in the mainland, Africa has formed the United Nations, the African Union (the organization of African Unity) and the other subregional international organizations of Africa, three parties, cooperating with each other and having a collective security mechanism with distinctive African characteristics. This unique peacekeeping mechanism is on the Liberia issue, eritrei. The question of Asia and Ethiopia is particularly evident in the Darfur issue in Sultan. The three party cooperative peacekeeping mechanism in Africa has both legal and organizational foundations. Therefore, despite some resistance in the process of implementation, some problems have been raised, but the authority of the United Nations and the solution of the humanitarian crisis are still maintained. However, this mechanism has not yet been perfected. It is necessary for African countries and the United Nations to work together to improve them.
The world history entered the second ten years in twenty-first Century. In Tunisia, Egypt and Libya, the situation of the African countries has changed. Some of the powerful countries in the region have been unrest and regime change in succession, even a large scale of internal war. Affairs have made the situation in Africa more complicated. How to build an effective mechanism for the security and stability of Africa is a difficult problem for the international community. The author believes that the African subregional International Organization (hereinafter referred to as the African subregional organization) will cooperate with the United Nations, the African Union (including the African Unity Organization, the African Union or the African Unity). The peacekeeping operation mechanism will play a positive role in the long-term stability of Africa.
The maintenance of world peace is one of the purposes of the United Nations, and the peacekeeping operation is a systematic arrangement gradually formed by the United Nations in the concrete practice of maintaining world peace. Since the birth of peacekeeping operations, after more than 60 years of development, the United Nations peacekeeping operation has been continuously filled and perfected, and has developed into a relief for the region. Suddenly, it is an important means and institutionalized arrangement for maintaining regional peace and stability.
After the independence of the African continent, the ideology of regionalism has developed rapidly. Up to now, the African continent has also appeared in addition to the full continental international organization of the African Union, as well as a large number of other subregional international organizations, such as the economic community of West African States, the southern African development community, the Central African Economic Community, the great lake. The regional national economic community, the East African intergovernmental development organization, and so on. Both in its own constitution and in the historical practice, these international organizations have great concern for the conflict in the region, and have made great efforts to solve these conflicts and become an indispensable force to resolve conflicts in the region of Africa.
In resolving regional conflicts in Africa, the United Nations, the African Union and the sub regional international organizations of Africa have their own advantages and shortcomings. The three forces cooperate and cooperate with each other. They can make up for each other and make use of the power of the Trinity to maintain the security and stability of the African continent. This is also on the African continent. The most distinctive feature of the peacekeeping operation is to be analyzed.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D84

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