中美“例外主义”比较研究

发布时间：2018-05-29 07:41

本文选题：美国例外主义 + 中国例外主义　；参考：《南京大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：阐述美国例外主义的著作早已汗牛充栋,在美国衰落的大背景之下,对美国例外主义的讨论更加激烈,甚至将美国总统奥巴马也推上风口浪尖。而关于中国例外主义的研究却是一个较新的课题,中国例外主义也是一个较新的术语,虽然国内外学者对中国独特的历史、发展模式与战略文化等早有探讨。近年来,随着中国政治与经济力量的日益崛起,对中国例外主义的探讨也逐渐增多,形成一股“中国说”的浪潮。但是,现有研究对什么是例外主义、中国例外主义与美国例外主义有何区别与联系、例外主义有何影响等问题并没有给出清晰答案,从而容易将中国例外主义与美国例外主义进行简单类比,产生混淆与误解。在中美两国兴衰沉浮以及战和未定之际,厘清中美例外主义的内涵并探讨其影响,正当其时。本文在借鉴现有研究成果的基础上,针对现有研究不尽完善之处,试图清晰界定例外主义的核心内涵、阐释中美例外主义的具体内涵与主要内容、比较中美例外主义的区别与联系、探讨中美例外主义的互动对两国的外交政策、中美关系以及世界秩序存在的影响以及潜在影响。本文认为,中美例外主义在起源及其背景、核心内涵与基本内容、演进过程等各方面均存在本质差异,连同其实践意义,虽然两者在概念的界定上存在一些共同点。在结构安排上,本文首先将在导论部分介绍选题源起与意义、国内外研究现状、本文研究的主要问题以及论文结构。本文将在第一章详细论述美国例外主义,包括其基本内容、历史演进与未来趋势。美国例外主义以“山巅之城”“天定命运”等宗教理念为核心,以自由、平等、个人主义、自由放任、宪法与政治体制等为具体内容,经过独立战争、国内领土扩张、两次世界大战以及长达半个世纪的冷战,最终确立了国内外难以撼动的地位,同时也逐渐走向极端和僵化。第二章则详细论述中国例外主义的基本内容、历史演进与未来趋势。中国例外主义以世俗的“天下体系”为核心,以大同、王道、和、仁等儒家思想为具体内容；除了世界观方面的内容,孙子式的战略思想也是中国例外主义的重要组成部分之一中国例外主义的演进过程也是中国人的探索历程,开始于百年耻辱时期,几代中国人致力于找到能让中国绵延至今的独特精神,经历毛泽东时代与邓小平时代,这种努力与探索延续至今。2005年,在中国崛起的背景下提出“和谐世界”的主张,向世界彰显了中国对世界秩序的独特看法,由此引起国内外学者对中国例外主义的广泛讨论。第三章将对中美例外主义的产生背景、基本内容与主要特征、以及对外交政策的影响进行全面比较,并以对待国际干涉问题的态度为例进行印证。中美两国在针对国际干涉问题所展现出截然不同的态度,是中美例外主义主要交汇点与交锋点之一,体现了例外主义对两国的价值观与外交实践的重要影响。所以本文选取中美两国对待国际干涉问题的态度作为案例,试图对中美例外主义的异同进行印证,并使这一比较更清晰、更具象化。第四章探讨中美例外主义及其互动对两国外交政策、中美关系以及世界秩序的既存以及潜在的影响。首先,例外主义的存在使得国内外学者不能简单地以“国强必霸”、“大国政治的悲剧”来揣测美国、中国以及中美关系,或者将两者简单类比为历史上曾出现过的霸权国与崛起国；其次,现行世界秩序存在一些难以解决的矛盾,中美例外主义之间的互动、磨合与互相借鉴,不仅有助于两国关系的稳定,也有助于重塑世界秩序。最后是本文的结论部分,将对全文进行概括总结。
[Abstract]:The works of American exceptionalism have long been elaborated. Under the background of the decline of the United States, the discussion of American exceptionalism is more intense, and even the American president Obama is pushed to the tip of the storm. The study of Chinese exceptionalism is a relatively new subject, and the Chinese exceptionalism is a relatively new term, though Scholars at home and abroad have discussed China's unique history, development model and strategic culture. In recent years, with the growing rise of China's political and economic forces, the discussion of Chinese exceptionalism has gradually increased, forming a wave of "China's theory". However, what is an exceptionalism, Chinese exceptionalism and American examples There are no clear answers to the differences and relations of the external doctrine, the influence of exceptionalism and so on, so it is easy to make a simple analogy between the Chinese exceptionalism and the American Exceptionalism and produce confusion and misunderstanding. At the same time, on the basis of the existing research achievements, this paper tries to define the core connotation of the exceptionalism clearly, explain the specific connotation and main contents of the exceptionalism, compare the difference and connection between the exceptionalism of China and the United States, and discuss the foreign policy of the Sino US exceptionalism to the two countries, and the Sino US foreign policy, China and the United States. The relationship and the influence and potential influence of the world order. This article holds that there are essential differences in the origin and its background, the core connotation, the basic content, the evolution process and so on, together with its practical significance, although both of the two exist in some common points in the definition of the concept. The introduction introduces the origin and significance of the topic, the current research status at home and abroad, the main problems and the structure of this paper. This article will discuss the American exceptionalism in detail in the first chapter, including its basic content, historical evolution and future trend. On the basis of equality, equality, individualism, laissez faire, constitution and political system and so on, after the war of independence, the expansion of the domestic territory, the two World War and the cold war for half a century, it finally established the unshaken status at home and abroad, and gradually moved towards extreme end and rigidity. The second chapter elaborated on the basis of Chinese exceptionalism in detail. This content, the historical evolution and the future trend. The Chinese exceptionalism is the core of the secular "world system", and the Confucian thought of Datong, Wang Dao, and benevolence is the concrete content. Besides the content of the world outlook, the strategic thought of Sun Tzu is also one of the important components of Chinese exceptionalism, and the evolution process of China exceptionalism is also The course of Chinese people's exploration began in the century of disgrace. Several generations of Chinese people are committed to finding the unique spirit that can extend China to the present, and experience the era of Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping. This effort and exploration continue for.2005 years and put forward a "harmonious world" in the context of the rise of China and show the world China to the world. The unique view of order leads to the extensive discussion of Chinese and foreign scholars on the Chinese exceptionalism. The third chapter will make a comprehensive comparison of the background, the basic content and the main features of the Chinese and American exceptionalism, and the influence of the foreign policy, and verify the attitude towards the international interference. The interference issue shows a very different attitude, which is one of the main intersection points and front points of the Chinese and American exceptionalism, reflecting the important influence of the exceptionalism on the values and diplomatic practice of the two countries. The fourth chapter discusses the existential and potential impact of the Sino US exceptionalism and its interaction on the foreign policy, Sino US relations and the world order. First, the existence of exceptionalism makes the scholars at home and abroad can not simply take the "national strong must hegemony" and "the tragedy of great power" to speculate on the United States, China and the Sino US relations, or simply analogy between the hegemonic and rising countries that have appeared in history; secondly, there are some insoluble contradictions in the current world order, the interaction between China and the United States, the interaction and mutual reference, not only contributes to the stability of the relations between the two countries, but also helps to reshape the world order. The conclusion of the article will summarize the full text.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D822.371.2

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