从贝卢斯科尼到特朗普:欧美民粹主义与对外政策

发布时间：2018-06-04 18:02

本文选题：民粹—大亨 + 民粹主义　；参考：《外交评论(外交学院学报)》2017年04期

【摘要】：全球化、区域一体化的深化刺激了欧美民粹主义的兴起,而民粹主义领导人往往通过对外政策对其做出回应。贝卢斯科尼和特朗普同为商业大亨出身的民粹主义者,在外交决策上具有可比性。一方面,成功商人的经历使他们及其外交团队更具管理主义风格和交易倾向。另一方面,右翼民粹主义的偏好促使两人强调本国优先,回避多边合作,表现出疏远欧盟和亲近俄罗斯的倾向。在外交决策中,贝卢斯科尼和特朗普参与控制欲强但缺乏经验,强调小集团的忠诚团结。两人对决策环境的敏感度较低,倾向于我行我素,表现为私人外交和口无遮拦,符合民粹主义政治风格。相比之下,贝卢斯科尼更具关系导向,缺乏长期目标,受国内外政治制约更大;而特朗普更具问题导向,政策目标清晰,权力相对集中。贝卢斯科尼和特朗普给本国对外政策带来的变化主要在风格和倾向上,其政策主张仍在意大利和美国外交的传统之中。
[Abstract]:Globalisation and deepening regional integration have spurred the rise of populism in Europe and the United States, and populist leaders often respond to it through foreign policy. Mr Berlusconi and Mr Trump, both business tycoons and populists, are comparable in foreign policy decisions. On the one hand, the experience of successful businessmen has made them and their diplomatic teams more managerial and transactional. On the other hand, the populist preferences of the right have prompted the two to stress their national priorities, eschew multilateral cooperation and show a tendency to alienate the European Union and to be close to Russia. In foreign policy decisions, Berlusconi and Trump are involved in controlling but inexperienced, emphasizing the loyalty and unity of small groups. The two men are less sensitive to the decision-making environment and tend to go their own way, showing that they are private diplomacy and mouth free, in line with populist political style. By contrast, Berlusconi is more relational, lacks long-term goals and is more politically constrained at home and abroad, while Trump is more problem-oriented, with clear policy goals and relatively centralized power. The changes that Berlusconi and Trump have brought to their foreign policy are mainly in style and orientation, and their policy propositions remain in the tradition of Italian and American diplomacy.
【作者单位】：重庆大学人文社会科学高等研究院;
【基金】：重庆市社会科学规划博士项目“欧盟问题国内政治化及其对英国和意大利公投的影响研究”(项目编号:2016BS055)的资助
【分类号】：D082;D854.6;D871.2

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