论美印核协议

发布时间：2018-06-08 07:04

本文选题：美印核协议 + 核不扩散　；参考：《山东大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 美印核协议的签订生效标志着美印双边关系的进一步提升。美国政府推进与印度的核合作,主要出于五方面考虑：首先,该协议有利于将印度纳入国际核不扩散机制之内,对防止印度横向核扩散有积极意义；其次,有利于减轻印度在全球能源市场与美国的竞争,减少印度对伊朗、苏丹、委内瑞拉及缅甸等与美国对立的国家的能源依赖；第三,有利于美国开拓印度的核能市场及军火市场,为美国企业带来丰厚的经济收益；第四,有利于帮助印度崛起,扩大民主国家在全球的影响力；第五,有利于联合印度,实施其制衡中国的战略。然而该协议的签署也引发了美国国内反扩散人士的质疑,他们认为美国开放对印核贸易,一方面会提升印度的核弹生产能力,为核扩散埋下隐患；另一方面也会引发巴基斯坦、伊朗、朝鲜等国家的不满,引发印巴核竞赛,增加伊朗核问题、朝鲜核问题解决的难度；此外,也可能增加恐怖分子利用和获取核燃料制造恐怖武器的途径,增加恐怖分子进行恐怖袭击的目标。但在国内众多力量的推动下,该协议最终还是在美国国会得到了通过。印度推进该协议是因为：美印核协议的实施,将使印度更加方便快捷的获得紧缺的核燃料、先进的核技术,大大提升印度的核能利用水平；同时,该协议的签署也是对印度大国地位的承认,对印度推进有声有色大国战略具有重要的意义；美印核协议的签署有利于巩固印度在南亚地区的战略优势,也增加了印度与美、俄、中等大国进行博弈的战略主动性。印度国内对美印核协议的质疑是担心在国家主权以及独立决策方面会受到美国的控制和侵犯。虽然由于印度国内政治危机该协议一度被冻结,但该协议最后还是在印度议会得到通过。国际社会对美印核协议的反应各有异同,英国的态度由反对转变为支持；法、俄始终表示支持；中国没有明确表示反对与支持；巴基斯坦则对仅给印度核待遇而不给巴基斯坦表示了不满；关系该协议最后命运的国际原子能机构和核供应国集团则给了该协议许可。美印核协议的通过,一方面严重冲击了国际核不扩散机制,美印核协议的签署使“禁止与非核不扩散条约国进行核贸易”的国际核不扩散机制规则失去约束力,可能造成印度核武器的纵向核扩散并为其他国家开启了不良的示范；另一方面也反映了大国力量、强权政治在国际核不扩散机制的运作过程中的主导作用,国际核不扩散机制能否有效发挥作用取决于大国力量、强权政治。美印核协议对地区安全的影响主要集中于南亚地区,可能引发印巴核军备竞赛以及恐怖主义对南亚薄弱地区的新一轮恐怖袭击；美印核协议在促进美印战略关系提升的同时,也引发了美印俄、美印中、美印日等大国互动关系和战略决策的变化。
[Abstract]:The signing of the US-India nuclear agreement marks a further improvement in the bilateral relations between the US and India. The United States Government's efforts to promote nuclear cooperation with India are mainly based on five considerations: first, the agreement is conducive to bringing India into the international nuclear non-proliferation regime and has a positive impact on preventing India's horizontal nuclear proliferation. It is conducive to reducing India's competition with the United States in the global energy market and reducing India's energy dependence on rival countries such as Iran, Sudan, Venezuela and Myanmar. Third, it is conducive for the United States to open up India's nuclear energy market and arms market. It will bring huge economic benefits to American enterprises. Fourth, it will help to help India rise up and expand the influence of democracy in the world. Fifth, it will help to unite India and implement its strategy of counterbalancing China. However, the signing of the agreement has also raised questions from anti-proliferation figures in the United States, who believe that the opening of US nuclear trade to India will, on the one hand, increase India's nuclear production capacity and lay a threat to nuclear proliferation; on the other hand, it will trigger off Pakistan. The dissatisfaction of Iran, North Korea and other countries has led to a nuclear race between India and Pakistan, making it more difficult to resolve the Iranian nuclear issue and the North Korean nuclear issue. In addition, it may also increase the way for terrorists to use and acquire nuclear fuel to manufacture terrorist weapons. Increase the number of targets for terrorists to carry out terrorist attacks. But thanks to a host of domestic forces, the deal was finally passed by Congress. India has pushed forward the agreement because the implementation of the US-India nuclear agreement will make it easier for India to gain access to scarce nuclear fuel and advanced nuclear technology, and will greatly enhance India's nuclear energy utilization; at the same time, The signing of the agreement is also a recognition of India's status as a major power and of great significance to India's promotion of the strategy of the influential powers. The signing of the US-India nuclear agreement is conducive to consolidating India's strategic advantages in South Asia and has also increased India's strategic advantage with the United States and Russia. The strategic initiative of the middle-sized big country to carry on the game. India's domestic scepticism about the US-India nuclear deal is a fear of U.S. control and encroachment on national sovereignty and independent decision-making. Although the deal was frozen because of India's domestic political crisis, it was finally passed by India's parliament. The international community's reaction to the US-India nuclear agreement has its own similarities and differences, and Britain's attitude has changed from opposition to support; France, Russia has always expressed support; China has not explicitly expressed its opposition and support; Pakistan is dissatisfied with giving India nuclear treatment only and not Pakistan; the International Atomic Energy Agency and the Nuclear suppliers Group, which are involved in the final fate of the agreement, have granted permission to the agreement. The adoption of the US-India nuclear agreement, on the one hand, has seriously impacted the international nuclear non-proliferation regime, and the signing of the US-India nuclear agreement has made the rules of the international nuclear non-proliferation regime that "prohibit nuclear trade with non-nuclear non-proliferation treaty countries" no longer binding. Which could lead to vertical nuclear proliferation in India and set a bad example for other countries; on the other hand, it also reflects the dominant role of power politics in the operation of the international nuclear non-proliferation regime, Whether the international nuclear non-proliferation regime can play an effective role depends on the power and power politics. The impact of the US-India nuclear agreement on regional security is mainly concentrated in South Asia, which may trigger a nuclear arms race between India and Pakistan and a new round of terrorist attacks on the weak areas of South Asia. While the US-India nuclear agreement promotes the promotion of US-India strategic relations, It also led to the changes in the interaction and strategic decisions between the United States, India and Russia, the United States, India and China, and the United States, India and Japan.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D815.2

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