冷战时期澳苏关系研究

发布时间：2018-06-09 20:04

本文选题：冷战时期 + 澳苏关系　；参考：《华东师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：第二次世界大战使澳大利亚对以往英国主导下的国家安全战略产生困惑,日本法西斯侵略者染指澳大利亚领土,使其积极向美国靠拢来抵制日本侵略,同时开始寻求与苏联建立并发展互利的外交关系,二战后的一段时间里,澳苏之间这种关系依然延续。随着冷战的到来,美苏对抗加剧,澳大利亚不得不开始转变策略并作出选边站队的抉择,这一时期澳大利亚实现了由"母国体系""向"兄弟体系"的转变。1949年孟席斯上台以后,积极推进与美国的关系,寻求美国保护下的国家安全战略,建立了澳美军事同盟,并对美国推行的反苏限共政策一路追随,积极参与了朝鲜战争和越南战争。为了达到反苏限共的目的,孟席斯在国内制造民众对共产主义的恐惧,打击国内共产党,并推动制造了"彼得罗夫事件",使澳苏外交关系中断,两国关系进入历史最低谷。1972年惠特拉姆上台以后,澳大利亚从越南撤军并对越战进行反思,外交政策逐渐务实化,寻求相对独立自主的对外战略,并试图恢复澳苏关系,惠特拉姆在其任职期间访问苏联并签订了一系列的合作协议,这使两国关系进入蜜月期。1979年苏联入侵阿富汗,澳大利亚选择在政治上反苏挺美、经济上制裁苏联、文化上中断交流,两国关系再次陷入低谷,但这一时期澳大利亚更具有策略性,偏向现实主义考量。霍克政府时期,由于国际形势的变化,澳大利亚积极调整对苏战略,两国关系得到较大发展。
[Abstract]:The second World War made Australia perplexed by the past British-led national security strategy, and the Japanese fascist invaders invaded Australian territory, making it actively move closer to the United States to resist the Japanese aggression. It also sought to establish and develop mutually beneficial diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union, which continued for some time after World War II. With the advent of the Cold War and the intensification of the US-Soviet confrontation, Australia had to begin to change its strategy and make the choice of standing in the side. In this period, Australia realized the transition from "home country system" to "fraternal system." after Mencius came to power in 1949, He actively promoted the relations with the United States, sought the national security strategy under the protection of the United States, established a military alliance between Australia and the United States, and actively participated in the Korean War and the Vietnam War by following the anti-Soviet policy carried out by the United States. In order to achieve the goal of opposing the Soviet Communist Party, Mencius created people's fear of communism in the country, attacked the Communist Party of China, and promoted the "Petrov incident", thus disrupting diplomatic relations between Australia and the Soviet Union. Relations between the two countries have entered the lowest point in history. After Whitlam came to power in 1972, Australia withdrew from Vietnam and reflected on the Vietnam War. Its foreign policy gradually became pragmatic, sought a relatively independent foreign strategy, and tried to restore Australia-Soviet relations. During his tenure, Whitlam visited the Soviet Union and signed a series of cooperation agreements, which led to the honeymoon period between the two countries. The Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan in 1979, and Australia chose to oppose the Soviet Union politically and sanction the Soviet Union economically. With the cultural interruption, the relationship between the two countries fell into a trough again, but during this period Australia was more strategic and more realistic. During the Hawk government, Australia actively adjusted its strategy to the Soviet Union due to the changes in the international situation, and the relations between the two countries developed greatly.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D861.1;D851.2

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