二十一世纪初中美对非洲援助的比较研究

发布时间：2018-06-10 17:59

本文选题：对非援助 + 中国　；参考：《外交学院》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： ?21世纪初联合国发布千年发展目标,以此标志新一轮对外援助热潮在全球范围展开。作为世界范围内最为贫穷落后的地区之一,非洲聚集了全世界49个最不发达国家中的35个,加之其丰富的自然资源和重要的战略价值,自然成为新世纪世界各主要大国竞相开展公共外交、进行对外援助的焦点。中国是援助非洲最多的发展中国家之一,历来重视同非洲关系,把加强与非洲国家的团结与合作作为中国独立自主和平外交政策的重要组成部分。21世纪以来,伴随国际政治经济形势的巨大变化,中国的国际地位和国家实力进一步提升,国内经济发展状况有所改善。中国对外援助中的意识形态因素进一步淡化,外援的经济发展目的进一步突出,外援的主体和形式均趋于多元,援助内容中加大了对非传统安全因素的关注。美国是援助非洲最多的发达国家之一,拥有50多年长期的援非历史。21世纪初期基于经济利益考虑和反恐需求,美国日益重视非洲的地缘战略地位和能源储量。尤其在“9.11”恐怖袭击事件后,美国着力于“非洲之角”构筑反恐网络,全面加强了对非的关注力度,其对非援助政策也相应调整:对非援助目标获得了新的战略意义,援助重点转向打击恐怖主义、应对全球问题及发展人道主义援助,并对美国援助机构进行了改革。将中美两国的对外援助加以比较可以发现:就援助理念而言,中国“不附加任何条件”的真诚援助在非洲更得民心,而美国外援的出发点基于其政治安全利益和全球战略的考虑;就援助制度而言,中国援助的决策权较为集中,而美国决策体系则更为成熟,中国对非援助主要流向重债和赤贫国家,而美国对非援助的国家分布则偏重于其战略布局;就对非援助质量而言,中国近年来在对外援助方面展现出强劲的发展势头,受到非洲国家肯定与赞誉,但中国参与多边援助机制和公开援助信息的程度都还有待提高。虽然两国在对非政策方面存在广泛的竞争,但探讨中美援非合作的可能对非洲发展意义重大,也对进一步加深中美互信影响深远。
[Abstract]:At the beginning of the 21st century, the United Nations issued the Millennium Development goals (MDGs), marking a new round of foreign aid boom in the world. As one of the poorest and most backward regions in the world, Africa brings together 35 of the 49 least developed countries of the world, together with its rich natural resources and important strategic value, Naturally, the major powers in the world are competing for public diplomacy and foreign aid in the new century.China is one of the developing countries that have most aid to Africa, and has always attached importance to its relations with Africa. To strengthen unity and cooperation with African countries as an important component of China's independent foreign policy of peace. Since the 21st century, with the tremendous changes in the international political and economic situation, China's international status and national strength have been further enhanced. Domestic economic development has improved. The ideological factors in China's foreign aid are further diluted, the purpose of economic development of foreign aid is further highlighted, and the main body and form of foreign aid tend to be diversified. The United States is one of the most developed countries in Africa, with more than 50 years of aid to Africa. The early 21st century is based on economic interests and counter-terrorism needs. The United States is increasingly paying attention to Africa's geo-strategic position and energy reserves. Especially after the September 11 terrorist attacks, the United States has devoted itself to the "Horn of Africa" to build a counter-terrorism network, which has comprehensively strengthened its attention to Africa, and its aid policy to Africa has also been adjusted accordingly: it has acquired new strategic significance for its aid targets in Africa. The focus of aid has shifted to combating terrorism, addressing global problems and developing humanitarian aid, and has reformed American aid agencies. A comparison of foreign aid between China and the United States reveals: in terms of aid philosophy, China's sincere aid "without any conditionalities" has gained more popular support in Africa, while the starting point of US foreign aid is based on its political security interests and considerations of the global strategy. As far as the aid system is concerned, China's aid decision-making power is more concentrated. The US decision-making system is more mature. China's aid to Africa mainly flows to heavily indebted and destitute countries, while the distribution of US aid to Africa is focused on its strategic layout; as far as the quality of aid to Africa is concerned, In recent years, China has shown a strong development momentum in foreign aid, which has been affirmed and praised by African countries. However, China's participation in multilateral aid mechanisms and the extent of open aid information still need to be improved. Although there is a wide range of competition between the two countries in their policies towards Africa, exploring the possible cooperation between China and the United States in aid to Africa is of great significance to Africa's development and has far-reaching implications for further deepening mutual trust between China and the United States.
【学位授予单位】：外交学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D822.34;D871.2

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